Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne The rise of service standards between socialization and commodification Jean-Christophe Graz.

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Presentation transcript:

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne The rise of service standards between socialization and commodification Jean-Christophe Graz

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Explore the growing influence of international standardisation on the political organisation of the rise of a worldwide service economy and society at large.

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Outline Services & standardisation Standards and transnational hybrid authority Institutional setting for dis/embedding standards from/into society: commodification versus socialisation

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Outline Services & standardisation Standards and transnational hybrid authority Institutional setting for dis/embedding standards from/into society: commodification versus socialisation

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne The rise of the service economy >70% GDP and employment in OECD >50% GDP and employment in LDCs Regulatory Reform Digitalisation Internationalisation --> outsourcing / offshoring services

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne International standardisation Technical specifications partially voluntary Explicitly documented Published and sold Sometimes referred to in public regulation

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne How standards matter? Reorganisation of labour process Dis/embedding market access Desegregation of labour process into simple work sequences Industrialisation – codification – quality & security requirements

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Resistance to service standards Intangible and interpersonal relation Synchronisation of service production & consumption Regulated professions Quality and security uncertainties

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Standards facing quality & security uncertainty Market transparency ? Strategic interaction? Path-dependant institutions? Capitalist State/economy reogranisation?

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Outline Services & standardisation Standards and transnational hybrid authority Institutional setting for dis/embedding standards from/into society: commodification versus socialisation

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne

Globalisation & transnational private authority State - nonstate authority ≠ zero sum game costs/gains ≠ additional instance of governance Scale & density (7300 Ingos/7500 Igos) (Yearbook of International Organizations) Relation with the State Formal and informal complementarity and subsidiarity

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne International political economy approach Transnational hybrid authority Range of actors involved Private firms –––> public actors & states Scope of issues concerned Technical specifications ––> management methods, labour relations, societal issues Scale of coalition building and level of institutional compromised State/market relations ––> deterritorialisation & transnationalisation of regulatory practices

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Standardisation and transnational hybrid authority public ––––––– ACTORS ––––––– private societal ––––––– ISSUES ––––––– physical endogenous ––––– SPACE –––––––– exogenous

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne public private exogeneous endogeneous societal Physical Transnational hybrid authority of service standards

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Outline Services & standardisation Standards and transnational hybrid authority Institutional setting for dis/embedding standards from/into society: commodification versus socialisation

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Institutional complexity/opacity

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Public regulation International standards (ISO/CEN) Sectorial standards ( IEEE ) Consortia standards (W3C; ECMA, etc.) Intellectual property rights Public Private Fragmented institutional environment

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Material continuum Programing language Governement procurements Market organisation and continuation Consumers’ choice Interoperability Societal physical ODF Ooxml

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne Spatial deterritorialisation – CA competence Proprietary & monopole standards Mutual/multilateral recognition agreements Open source standards? exogenous endogenous Technology assessment & recommendations Replication of tests and certification

Jean-Christophe Graz, Université de Lausanne public private exogeneous endogeneous societal Physical Formal standards (ISO) Consortia standards Socialisation/commodification in international service standards