Muckrakers and The Jungle

Muckrakers Journalists who looked into various industries and everyday life to find corruption and unsafe practices Found disturbing activities: Meatpacking Practices, Standard Oil Monopoly, Child Labor, Slum Life, Political Machines, Medicinal Claims, etc. Exposed these issues to the public and to politicians Jacob Riis, Lewis Hine, Upton Sinclair, Frank Norris, Ida Tarbell

Lasting Impact Public outcry from the muckrakers' reports led politicians to make changes. President Theodore Roosevelt was a key component of many of the changes. –1890 Sherman Antitrust Act –1906 Pure Food and Drug Act –1913 Seventeenth Amendment –1916 Child Labor Laws

Food Today Pick 3 items from your list, preferably foods that you like to eat When we talk about that particular food, write interesting notes about that food –What is contained in that food –Why those substances are in the food –How does it make you feel

Gelatin Made by grinding up leftover animal skin or bones Always: marshmallows, Jello, Pop-Tarts frosting, Starburst, Skittles, Junior Mints, fruit snacks, gummy bears/worms, Green Giant frozen vegetables Somtimes: icing/frosting, ice cream, sugar cereals, Hostess snacks (Twinkies, Cupcakes, Ding Dongs, Ho Hos, etc.)

Mechanically-Separated Meat Leftover animal parts that go through machines to get every last bit of meat; will contain cartilage and bone Never from cow – Mad Cow Disease Hot dogs, Chicken Nuggets, bologna

Shellac Made from the resin secreted by the female lac bug in India and Thailand. Used to make shine in products like nail polish and wood varnish Jelly beans, candy corn, apples

Pink Slime Processed low-grade beef trimmings (cartilage, sinew, connective tissue) is heated slightly and treated with ammonia – a floor cleaning agent Hamburger, used until very recently in most fast food places. As recently as two years ago, found in 70% of all hamburger.

Red Food Coloring Red No. 2 – comes from coal Red No. 4 – comes from boiled cochineal bugs Red No. 40 – come from petroleum Almost anything that is red: candy, yogurt, ice cream, red velvet cake, juices, flavorings, etc.

Cellulose Used in paper manufacturing, made from wood and/or cotton Used in shredded cheese to keep strands from sticking together, sometimes used in ice cream.

Things Allowed by the FDA Raisins are allowed to have up to 34 fruit fly eggs per 10 ounces. Up to 4.4 rodent hairs per 225 grams allowed in noodles. Things made from apples are allowed to have a mold count of up to 11 percent.

Things Allowed by the FDA Canned mushrooms are allowed to have up to 19 maggots of any size per 100 grams. Tomato sauce is allowed to have up to 14 fruit fly eggs per 100 grams. Ground thyme is allowed to have up to 325 insect “fragments” (body parts, feces, etc.) per 10 grams.

Things Allowed by the FDA Chocolate is allowed to have up to 59 insect fragments per 100 grams. Wheat flour is allowed to have up to one rodent hair per 50 grams. Peanut butter is allowed to have up to 25mg of sand per 100 grams.

Higher Level Questions (Answer in complete sentences) 1.What are the key points or big ideas in this lesson? How have things changed in today's food and what is the role of the FDA? Include at least two interesting facts. 2.Why do you think the FDA allows these things in our in our food? Can you give me an example? 3.Describe how you could or could not create “Perfect Food”? What would “Perfect Food” do to our food prices?