Concept 1: Analyzing Animal Behaviour Campbell - Chapter 51: Animal Behaviour Holtzclaw - pg , Questions #51-55 p pg , Questions #1-4 p

Behavioural Ecology Definition: The study of the evolution of and the ecological basis of animal behaviour ◦ Both genetics and environment contribute to behaviour behaviour

Behavioural Ecology You must know: ◦ The difference between kinesis and taxis ◦ Various forms of animal behaviour and communication such as orientation behaviour, agnostic behaviour, dominance display, or mating behaviour, and how they are adaptive ◦ The role of altruism and inclusive fitness in kin selection ◦ How to design a controlled experiment

Behavioural Ecology Ethology – the study of animal behaviour ◦ How does it happen?  Discovery of proximate causes ◦ Why does it happen?  Discovery of ultimate causes ◦ Example: ◦ The honey bee waggle dance!  Activity 51.1 Activity 51.1

Types of Behaviours Type of Movement Kinesis - random Taxis – directional Is the following isopod exhibiting kinesis or taxis?

Types of Behaviours Innate behaviour ◦ Fixed action pattern (FAP)  Ex: male stickleback fish... They don’t like red!

Types of Behaviours Imprinting Migration

Types of Behaviours Circadian rhythms Signal ◦ Pheromones  Ex: Minnows ◦ Visual  Ex: Bee waggle dance ◦ Auditory

Types of Behaviours Learned behaviour ◦ Habitualization ◦ Cognitive mapping ◦ Associative learning  Classical conditioning  Operant conditioning ◦ Cognition

Selection as an explanation of Behaviour Foraging behaviour ◦ The optimal foraging model Mating systems ◦ Promiscuous ◦ Monogamous Monogamous ◦ Polygamous

Selection as an explanation of Behaviour Agonistic Behaviours ◦ Snakes Snakes ◦ Chimps Chimps ◦ Wolves Wolves

Selection as an explanation of Behaviour Altruism ◦ Inclusive fitness Inclusive fitness

How do we Design a Controlled Experiment?

Question Hypothesis ◦ Null Hypothesis ◦ Alternate Hypothesis Experimental Design ◦ Variables  Controlled Variables  Independent Variable  Dependent Variable ◦ Controlled Test ◦ Large Sample Size ◦ Repetition ◦ Measurable results ◦ Statistical Analysis

Next Class: Checkpoint on Concept 1 ◦ To prepare:  Read through Chapter 51 in your gorgeous textbook using the reading strategies  Go through the activities using “Campbell Online”  Try ‘self quiz’ questions at the end of the chapter or online