ADMINISTRATIVE DATA CPT Chris Wade, Room 438, 545-7835 SAFETY: NONE RISK: LOW ENVIROMENTAL: NONE EVALUATION: You must receive a GO on the CFF certification.

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION: Identify the characteristics of fire support assets and munitions that can be used on the battlefield. CONDITION: Given characteristics of different types of fire support assets and munitions. STANDARD: Identify the characteristics of fire support assets and munitions.

MISSION OF THE FIELD ARTILLERY “The mission of the field artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket, and missile fire, and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations.” 1 1 1

INFANTRY MISSION CLOSE WITH THE ENEMY BY MEANS OF FIRE AND MANEUVER TO DEFEAT OR CAPTURE HIM, OR REPEL HIS ASSAULT BY FIRE, CLOSE COMBAT, AND COUNTER ATTACK 1 1 1

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1 ACTION: Identify how Fire Support systems are organized to support maneuver organizations. CONDITION: Given a type of maneuver unit and a list of Fire Support assets. STANDARD: Correctly identify the Fire Support system that supports a maneuver organization.

Light Infantry Division COMPANY 2 x 60mm Mortars Company Commander’s dedicated fire support BATTALION 4 x 81mm Mortars Mortar Platoon in HHC BN Commander’s dedicated fire support

Light Infantry Division Artillery Brigade – 1 x Direct Support (DS) Field Artillery Battalion 18 each 105mm, (T) per BN 3x6 BTRY Division – 1 x General Support (GS) Field Artillery Battery 6 each 155mm, (T) per BTRY

Light Infantry Division Artillery X BTRY 3X6 1 BTRY LT LT LT 18 - 105mm Howitzers / DS FA BN - 1 FA BN DS / MNVR BDE 54 – Total 105mm Howitzers in Division 6 - 155mm (T) Howitzers GS to the Division

Airborne / Air Assault Division COMPANY 2 x 60mm Mortars Company Commander’s dedicated fire support BATTALION 4 x 81mm Mortars Mortar Platoon in HHC BN Commander’s dedicated fire support

Airborne / Air Assault Division Artillery Brigade - 1 x Direct Support (DS) Field Artillery Battalion (105mm, T) BTRY 3X6 = 18 Howitzers Division - No Artillery at Division Level

Airborne / Air Assault Division Artillery X BTRY 3X6 LT No Artillery at Division Level LT 18 - 105mm Howitzers / DS FA BN - 1 FA BN DS / MNVR BDE 54 – Total 105mm Howitzers in Division

Heavy Division COMPANY No Indirect Fire Assets BATTALION 4 x 120mm Mortars Mortar Platoon in HHC BN Commander’s dedicated fire support

Heavy Division Artillery Brigade - 1 x Direct Support (DS) Field Artillery Battalion (155mm, SP Paladin) BTRY 3X6 = 18 Howitzers Division - 3 x General Support (GS) Field Artillery Batterys (MLRS) = 18 Launchers

Heavy Division Artillery X BTRY 3X6 BTRY 3X6 18 – MLRS Launchers GS to Division 18 - 155mm Howitzers / DS FA BN - 1 FA BN DS / MNVR BDE 54 – Total 155mm SP Howitzers in a Division

SBCT COMPANY 2 x 60mm and 2 x 120 Mortars Company Commander’s dedicated fire support BATTALION 4 x 81mm and 4 x 120mm Mortars Mortar Platoon in HHC BN Commander’s dedicated

Artillery assets for the SBCT 1 x Direct Support (DS) Field Artillery Battalion 12 M198 (155mm, TOWED) BTRY 3X4 1 x Q36 and 1x Q37 Firefinder RADAR

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2 ACTION: Identify the characteristics of Mortar and Field Artillery Support. CONDITION: Given a list of characteristics. STANDARD: Identify the characteristics of Mortar and Field Artillery.

MORTARS THE MOST RESPONSIVE INDIRECT FIRE SUPPORT SYSTEM AVAILABLE TO THE COMMANDER. - FM 7-90

POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MORTARS HIGH RATES OF FIRE SUPERB SUPPRESSIVE WEAPON SYSTEM EXCELLENT FOR ILLUMINATION AND QUICK SMOKE ORGANIC TO MANEUVER Responsive Less Coordination Required

POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MORTARS COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS ARE EASIER POSITIONING HIGH ANGLE FIRE

NEGATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MORTARS LIMITED AMMUNITION TYPES LIMITED QUANTITY OF AMMUNITION LIMITED SELF DEFENSE / PROTECTION LIMITED RANGES HIGH ANGLE FIRES ONLY

60mm MORTAR ORGANIZED : 2 PER COMPANY ORGANIC : LIGHT / ABN / AIR ASLT MAX RANGE (HE) - 3500m MIN RANGE - 70m MAXIMUM RATE OF FIRE - 30 RPM (4 min) SUSTAINED RATE OF FIRE - 20 RPM AMMUNITION TYPES - High Explosive, White Phosphorus, Illumination, IR Illumination FUZE TYPES - PD, VT, TIME

60mm MORTAR Weights Cannon M225 14.4 lbs Bipod 15.2 lbs Sight 2.5 lbs Baseplate 14.4/3.6 Total: 18 lbs handheld 46.5lbs conventional Burst Diameter 30m RED- 65/.1- 175/.001 Rounds 4 lbs

60mm Mortar M224

81mm MORTAR M252 ORGANIZED : 4 PER BN ORGANIC : LIGHT / ABN / AIR ASLT MAX RANGE (HE) - 5800m MIN RANGE : 80m MAXIMUM RATE OF FIRE : 30 RPM for 2 min SUSTAINED RATE OF FIRE : 15 RPM AMMUNITION TYPES : HE, WP, RP, Illum FUZE TYPES : PD, VT, MT

81mm MORTAR Weights Barrel 35 lbs Mount 27 lbs Sight 2.5 lbs Baseplate 29 lbs System Total inc. BII 91 lbs Burst Diameter 40m RED : 80 /.1 - 230 /.001 Rounds 15 lbs

81mm MORTAR M252 15

120mm MORTAR ORGANIZED : 4 PER BN ORGANIC : MECH AND ARMOR MAX RANGE (HE) : 7200m MIN RANGE : 200 MAXIMUM RATE OF FIRE : 15 RPM (1 min) SUSTAINED RATE OF FIRE : 4 RPM AMMUNITION TYPES : HE, WP, ILLUM, FUZE TYPES : PD, VT, MT, MOF Burst Diameter : 60 m RED : 100/.1 - 400/.001 Piece Weight: 320 lbs Round Weight: 33 lbs

120mm Mounted M121 120mm Towed M120

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3 ACTION: Define the four standard tactical missions assigned to the Field Artillery. CONDITION: Given a list of standard tactical missions. STANDARD: Define correctly the four standard tactical missions assigned to the Field Artillery.

Field Artillery Standard Tactical Missions Direct Support (DS) Reinforcing (R) General Support (GS) General Support reinforcing (GSR) Artillery units can only perform one mission at a time

Direct Support (DS) One FA Battalion is DS to one Maneuver Brigade DS FA Bn furnishes fire support personnel Positioned by Brigade DS FA Bn works for the Brigade Commander

REINFORCING (R) One or more firing units (Battalion or Battery) reinforces a Direct Support FA Battalion Reinforcing Bn does not provide fire support personnel Positioned by the DS FA Bn Works for the DS FA Battalion Commander

General Support (GS) One or more firing units (Battalion or Battery) supports the Division as a whole No requirement for fire support personnel Positioned by the Division Works for the Division Commander

General Support Reinforcing (GSR) One or more firing units (Battalion or Battery) supports the division as a whole first, but also reinforces a DS FA Bn No requirements for fire support personnel Positioned by Division Works for Division Commander first, then for reinforced DS FA Bn

Check on Learning 1. WHAT FS ASSETS ARE FOUND IN LIGHT DIV? 2. WHAT FS ASSETS ARE FOUND IN HEAVY DIV? 3. HOW MANY 60 mm ARE IN A HEAVY COMPANY? 4. HOW MANY 105 mm FOUND IN A LIGHT DIV?

POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELD ARTILLERY AREA AND POINT KILLER LOW AND HIGH ANGLE FIRES AMMUNITION Many Different Types Large Quantities PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT ABILITY TO SHIFT AND MASS

NEGATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELD ARTILLERY PLANNING AND COORDINATION SELF DEFENSE LARGE LOGISTICAL BASE STRATEGIC MOBILITY EASILY LOCATED FIRING SIGNATURE

105mm ARTILLERY (M119A1) ORGANIZED: 18 / FA BN ORGANIC: LIGHT/ ABN / AA DIVISIONS RANGE: 14,100 Meters 19,100 Meters - RAP MAX ROF: 10 RPM SUSTAINED ROF: 3 RPM AMMUNITION: HE, APICM, DPICM, WP, SMOKE, ILLUM, APERS Burst Diameter 35m RED: 90/.1 - 275/.001 Towed by HMMWV

155 TOWED ARTILLERY (M198) ORGANIZED: 6 / FIRING BATTERY ORGANIC: ONE BATTERY IN LIGHT DIVISIONS RANGE: 18,000 Meters 30,100 Meters - RAP MAX ROF: 4 RPM SUSTAINED ROF: 2 RPM AMMUNITION: HE, DPICM,WP,SMOKE, ILLUM, CPHD,FASCAM, SADARM Burst Diameter 50m RED: 125/.1 - 450/.001 Towed by 5 Ton Truck

M198 28

155mm SP ARTILLERY (M109A6 PALADIN) ORGANIZED: 18 / FA BN ORGANIC: HEAVY DIVISIONS RANGE: 18,000 Meters 30,000 Meters - RAP MAX ROF: 4 RPM SUSTAINED ROF: 1 RPM AMMUNITION: HE, DPICM,WP, SMOKE, ILLUM, CPHD, FASCAM, SADARM Burst Diameter: 50m RED: 125/.1- 450/.001

MULTIPLE LAUNCH ROCKET SYSTEM ORGANIZED: 18 / MLRS BN (2 active btry / 1 NG btry) ORGANIC: HEAVY DIVISIONS (1 BN GS Division) RANGE: 32,000 Meters rocket 300 KM missile MAX ROF: 12 RPM AMMUNITION: DPICM (4-5% Dud Rate) EFFECTS: GRID SMASHER

MLRS

Firefinder Radars Heavy Division: 2 AN/TPQ-37 3 AN/TPQ-36(1 PER DS BN) Light Division: 3 AN/TPQ-36 (1 PER DS BN)

AN/TPQ-36 AN/TPQ-37 MAX RNG: 24km MAX RNG: 50km 18km – 24km 90 DEGREE SEARCH AZIMUTH ARTILLERY/ MORTARS AQUIRE 10 TGTS SIMULTANEOUSLY MAX RNG: 50km 30km – 50km 90 DEGREE SEARCH AZIMUTH ARTILLERY/ ROCKETS AQUIRE 10 TGTS SIMULTANEOUSLY

MORTARS vs. ARTILLERY MORTARS ARE EXTREMELY MOBILE, ARTILLERY CAN SHIFT AND MASS MORTARS HAVE HIGH RATES OF FIRE, ARTILLERY HAS GREATER EFFECTS MORTARS ARE IDEAL FOR MOUT, ARTILLERY’S RANGE IS IDEAL FOR DEEP TGTS

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4 ACTION: Identify the best shell/fuze combination to use against a target. CONDITION: Given different types of munitions. STANDARD: Identify the best shell/fuze combination to use against a target.

FUZES POINT DETONATING (PD) SUPER QUICK Explodes on Impact Standard Fuze DELAY Wooded Area Buildings CONCRETE PIERCING Hard Nose Shield With Delay Action

FUZES GRADUATED TIME SETTINGS FOR SPECIFIED AIR BURST USE AGAINST EXPOSED TARGETS Troops In Open Antennas

FUZES VAIABLE TIME (VT) RADIO SIGNAL REFLECTS OFF TARGET DETONATES SEVEN METERS ABOVE THE TARGET USE AGAINST EXPOSED TARGETS Troops In Open Antennas

AMMUNITION

HIGH EXPLOSIVE (HE) PRODUCES FRAGMENTATION STANDARD SHELL FOR ADJUSTING AND GENERAL PURPOSE FIRES

ANTI-PERSONNEL IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (APICM) ANTI-PERSONNEL BOMBLETS BASE EJECTING 5 METER BUST RADIUS BOMBLETS 105mm - 18

DUAL PURPOSE IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITION (DPICM) SHAPED CHARGE ANTI-MATERIAL/PERSONNEL BOMBLETS EACH BOMBLET PRODUCES FRAGMENTATION CAN PENETRATE 2.75 INCHES OF HOMOGENEOUS STEEL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS: 2 - 4% Dud Rate BOMBLETS 105mm - 42 155mm - 88 MLRS - 644 ATACMs - 950

COPPERHEAD CANNON LAUNCHED LASER GUIDED PROJECTILE TERMINALLY GUIDED PROJECTILE SINGLE-SHOT CAPABILITY AGAINST ARMORED TARGETS 155mm DELIVERED

FAMILY OF SCATTERABLE MINES (FASCAM) AREA DENIAL ARTILLERY MUNITION (ADAM) ANTI-PERSONNEL 26 MINES/155 ROUND REMOTE ANTI-ARMOR MINE SYSTEM (RAAM) 9 MINES/155 ROUND BOTH MINES HAVE SELF DESTRUCT SETTINGS CAN BE SET FROM 4 TO 48 HOURS

WHITE PHOSPHURUS (WP) BURSTS ON IMPACT PRODUCES SOME FRAGMENTATION BUILDS HEAVY WHITE SMOKE QUICKLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST COMBUSTABLE MATERIALS MIX WITH SMOKE TO BUILD SMOKE SCREEN GOOD MARKING ROUND

ILLUMINATION BURN TIME 155mm - 1000m 120sec 1rds/min 120mm - 1500m 50sec 2rds/min ILLUM and IR 81mm - 500m 60sec 2rds/min ILLUM and IR 60mm - 500m 50sec 4rds/min ILLUM and IR

Artillery and Mortar Characteristics

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5 ACTION: Identify the characteristics of Close Air Support. CONDITION: Given a list of characteristics. STANDARD: Identify the characteristics of Close Air Support.

CLOSE AIR SUPPORT AIR ACTION AGAINST HOSTILE TARGETS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO FRIENDLY GROUND FORCES REQUIRES DETAILED INTEGRATION BETWEEN AIR AND GROUND FORCES

Pre-planned Immediate CAS PLANNING Pre-planned Air support in accordance with a program, planned in advance of operations Immediate Air support to meet specific requests which arise during the course of a battle There are 2 types of CAS pre-planned and Immediate 32

“9-Line” Example 1) IP X-RAY 2) Heading (IP to Target) 075 (Degrees) 3) Distance (IP to Target) 10.2 (N Miles) 4) Target Elevation 1200 (Feet MSL) 5) Target Description TNK CO ATK West 6) Target Location QA044092(LAT/LON) 7) Type of Mark LASER 372 8) Location of Friendlies 2000m S on Hilltop 9) Egress W to avoid Arty REMARKS An example of a 9 line brief

AIRCRAFT MUNITIONS JDAM – JOINT DIRECT ATTACK MUNITION USES GPS AND INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM TO LOCATE TARGET. CAN BE LAUNCHED FROM UP 15 MILES AWAY FROM THE TARGET. HAS PAYLOAD OF 500 TO 2000lbs GBU- GUIDED BOMB UNIT SEVERAL METHODS OF TARGET LOCATION: LASERS, MANUAL CONTROL TV/IR, GPS/INS PAYLOAD TYPES MK81 - 250lb, MK82 – 500lb, MK83 – 1000lb, MK84 –2000lb BLU = Penetrator Bomb: BLU111 – 500lb, BLU110 – 1000lb, BLU109 – 2000lb, BLU113 – 4400lb

GBU’S (GUIDED BOMB UNITS)

JDAM (JOINT DIRECT ATTACK MUNITION)

A-10 (THUNDERBOLT) CLOSE AIR SUPPORT/ FORWARD AIR CONTROL CREW 1 UP TO 16,000 lbs. MIXED ORDANCE (LGB, JDAM, GP Bombs, CBU’s, 2.75” Rockets) 30mm GATLING GUN – 4200 RDS / MIN USES PAVE PENNY LASER TO AQUIRE TARGETS AT UP TO 20 MILES 64

A-10 (THUNDERBOLT) 65

F-16C/D (FIGHTING FALCON) CREW 1 or 2 MULTI-ROLE AIR TO AIR, AIR TO SURFACE USES APG-68(V) 7 RADAR TO “SEE” TERRAIN AND ENEMY USES LANTIRN LASER DESIGNATOR TO ACQUIRE TARGETS OUT TO 10 MILES JDAM, GP Bombs, CBU, LGB’s, Maverick 66

F-16C/D (FIGHTING FALCON) 67

F-15E (STRIKE EAGLE) CREW 2 DESIGNED FOR GROUND ATTACK WEAPONS SYSTEMS OFFICER (WSO) USES APG-70 RADAR TO “SEE” TERRAIN AND ENEMY FROM OUT TO 100 MILES USES LANTIRN LASER DESIGNATOR TO AQUIRE TARGETS OUT TO 10 MILES JDAM, LGB’s, Maverick, GP Bombs, 20mm Cannon, 70

F-15E (STRIKE EAGLE)

AC-130H SPECIALIZED CAS AIRCRAFT FM COMMUNICATIONS Side Firing Weapons ONE 40mm CANNON TWO 20mm GUNS or ONE 25mm CHAINGUN ONE 105mm HOWITZER Dual Target Attack Capability ADVANCED SENSORS AND TARGET ACQUISITION SYSTEMS FLIR LOW LIGHT TV MUST OPERATE IN LOW ADA THREAT ENVIRONMENT Ideal in MOUT Super ability to detect targets and see friendly positions 72

AC-130H (SPECTRE)

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION: Identify the characteristics of fire support assets and munitions that can be used on the battlefield. CONDITION: Given characteristics of different types of fire support assets and munitions. STANDARD: Identify the characteristics of fire support assets and munitions.