Chris Schroeder And Courtney Schroeder mb/6/62/Aziz_efendi-muhammad_alayhi_s- salam.jpg/180px-Aziz_efendi-muhammad_alayhi_s- salam.jpg

 Expansion of Islamic Nation/Leaders Expansion of Islamic Nation/Leaders  Conquests under Rashidun Conquests under Rashidun  Conquests under Umayyads Conquests under Umayyads ns/f/fd/Muhammad_callig.gif

 Founding of New Islamic Power Founding of New Islamic Power  Prophet Muhammed Prophet Muhammed  Islamic Beliefs Islamic Beliefs  Area of Control Area of Control

 Prophet Muhammad  Handing of the Qur’an in 7 th century  Caliphs take control  Plans for Massive Expansion  Much Like the Christians Allah wills it Chosen people 8/opened_quran.jpg

 Born 570  Family deaths Father the year he was born Mother when he was six Grandfather when he was eight  In 583 Muhammad goes to Syria  595 Marries Khadija Fathers Fatimah  610 Wrote the Qur’an in Hira  Spread the word that he was Allah (God’s) holy messenger ografi/bilder/01b.jpg

 Walayah – “Guardianship”  Tawh Ī d – “Oneness”  Salah – “Prayer”  Zakah – “Charity”  Sawm – “Fasting”  Hajj – “Pilgrimage”  Jihad – “Struggle”  Islam is the original religion /Allah-eser-green.png/150px-Allah-eser-green.png

Age of the CaliphsCaliphs Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632/A.H. 1-11Muhammad Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661/A.H Rashidun Caliphate Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750/A.H Umayyad Caliphate

 Leading the Conquest Leading the Conquest  Conquest of Persia Conquest of Persia  End of Conflict End of Conflict

 633 – 644 AD  Attack on Sassanid Empire  Umar sent army over Zargos Mountains that stood between the borders of Persia and Arabic Peninsula  Ziggurat (Tower palace) inside the Isfanhan province First substantial victory for Muslims To strategically divide Persian providences Ziggurat of Choqa Zanbil

 Led by Caliph Umar Appointed Abdullah Idn Uthman One of the greatest strategists and political leaders in history  Abdullah: Servant of God  Led invasion from thousands of miles away  Instated Khalid as field commander Already had faced Persian armies as leader Led lightning offensive in present day Iraq 633 AD  Persian Empire controlled by Yazdgerd III  To respond to attacks from Persian army on Muslim cities conquest war became a personal battle between the leaders dia/userfiles/2/558/1620.jpg

 Led to the end of Sassanid Empire  Further destruction of Persian Nation Northern Persia (Azerbaijan) in 642 South Eastern Persia (Kerman) in 644  Caliph Umar promised to follow Yazdgerd III to the ends of his empire to either capture or kill him  Siege of Persian capital city Persepolis ended in 644  Conquest of Armenia 638 – 639 AD Persian Armenia was already under Islamic control 643 Umar sent final expedition to stamp Sassanid empire out of Byzantine controlled Armenia Sassanian fortress in Derbent IR/Derbent_winter.jpg

 Conquest of North Africa Conquest of North Africa  Siege of Constantinople Siege of Constantinople iege_of_Constantinople.jpg

 Seat of Control Damascus  641 Egypt  First Arab account of conquest 9 th century  Invasion – 40,000 Arabs  Vs. Byzantine Empire Sent for recruits from Constantinople  698 N. Africa divided into 3 providences Egypt Ifrikquiya Maghreb (Morocco)  By 709 N. Africa was under Arab control

  Combined land and sea effort by the Byzantine Empire  80,000 Muslims led by – Maslama ibn Abdal Malik (brother of Caliph)  Arab war galleys estimated at 1,800 ships  Byzantine ask the mercenary Bulgarian empire for assistance  Siege Warfare  Arabs lost to the onslaught from the Bulgarian army and retreated  Siege ended in fall of 718

 Edward Gibbon, History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Chapter 51History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire  Fred Donner, The Early Islamic Conquests Chapter 6The Early Islamic Conquests  Mark Graham, "How Islam Created the Modern World" (2006)  Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live in (2007)