African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses Afrikanske Monsun: Multidisiplinære Analyser Afrikaanse Moesson Multidisciplinaire Analyse Analisi Multidisciplinare per il Monsone Africano Afrikanischer Monsun: Multidisziplinäre Analysen  Analisis Multidiciplinar de los Monzones Africanos  Analyses Multidisciplinaires de la Mousson Africaine

AEJ Cold Tongue SAL ITCZ Heat Low Key features of the West African Monsoon Climate System during Boreal summer The WAM is an ideal natural laboratory for exploring the coupled atmosphere-land-ocean system

AMMA is definitively International Endorsed by Major International Programmes More than 500 Researchers from around 30 countries in Africa, Europe & USA Algeria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cap Verde, Chad, Congo, Denmark, France, Germany, Ghana, Italy, Ivory Coast, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, Togo, UK, US Collaboration with other international Programmes as: WMO

1. AMMA International (1)To improve our understanding of the WAM and its influence on the physical, chemical & biological environment regionally and globally. (2) To provide the underpinning science that relates variability of the WAM to issues of health, water resources, food security & demography for West African nations and defining and implementing relevant monitoring & prediction strategies. (3) To ensure that the multidisciplinary research carried out in AMMA is effectively integrated with prediction & decision making activity. AIMS

ISSC IGB Produces the Science & Implementation Plans Endorses the Science & Implementation Plans Links with International Programmes (WCRP, IGBP, THORPEX,..) ST4 Capacity building & training WG1 WG2 WG3 WG4 WG5 WAM & global climate ( incl aerosol/chemistry Water cycle Land surface-atmosphere- ocean feedbacks Prediction of climate impacts High impact weather prediction Integrative Science PO TT1 Radio soundings TT2a Surface Layer TT3 Gourma site TT4 Niamey site TT5 Ouémé site TT6 Oceaic campaigns TT7 SOP-Dry season TT8 SOP-Monsoon season TT9SOP-Downstream ST2 incl AOC ST3 Database ST1 EOP/LOP Obs implementation ICIGTT2b Aerosol & Radiation AMMA National & Pan Scientific Committees ARM

WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate This WG is concerned with the 2-way interactions between the West African Monsoon & the rest of the globe. Research areas under this theme include: (i) Variability and predictability of the WAM (nature and role of teleconnections, intraseasonal variability including easterly waves, predictability issues and the role of the ocean, detection of global change), (ii) Monsoon processes (e.g. scale interactions, the seasonal cycle and monsoon onset), (iii) Global impacts of the WAM (e.g. on tropical cyclones, aerosol variability, atmospheric chemistry). n.b. includes aerosol-chemistry, modeling strategy evolving Co-chairs: Arona Diedhiou (IRD, Niger), Serge Janicot (LOCEAN, France) Peter Lamb (Univ. Oklahoma, US)

WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate Dominant pattern of precipitation error associated with dominant pattern of SST prediction error based on persistent SST anomalies (Goddard & Mason,Climate Dynamics, 2002) Coupled model systematic error in equatorial SST simulation – note systematic error in east-west gradient in the tropical Atlantic

10 years of observation and research 10 3 E Enhanced Period (EOP) ong term Observations (LOP) 2002 WA +Ocean Meso Regional Local DRY 0 WET S O P SOP0_a3 ?

>>The US contribution to AMMA data collection is significant, about $14M. >>In addition, there are US contributions to AMMA from NCEP as well as individual PIs funded for analytical work on the WAM. >>Recognizing this large investment by U.S. funding agencies a U.S. AMMA workshop was convened with the following aims: (1) provide an overview of the national and international AMMA project including planned research and field observations, (2) discuss and identify the key science issues that interest US PIs in the context of AMMA,  (3) define coordinated actions for US contributions to AMMA

Surface-based research radars Climate Transect NASA-AMMA Targeted Missions with DC-8, + Ground-based obs. (N-Pol + TOGA radars, soundings) SALEX: NOAA P3 and G-IV Targeted Missions and Dropsonde flights with G-IV ARM mobile facility (DOE) MIT-radar (NASA) Surface obs. – malaria studies (NOAA) Driftsonde/THORPEX (NCAR/NSF/NOAA + CNES, France) Ronald H. Brown Cruises + ship-based obs (NOAA), supported by multi-year sustained obs (see next slide) US contributions to AMMA field program in 06 US-GCOS: Hydrogen generator at Dakar ZEUS lightning detection network?

Long-term observations in the tropical Atlantic

Key Science Issues for WG1: West African Monsoon and Climate Monsoon processes,  >The role of SSTs on the evolution of the WAM  >The southern hemisphere tropical stratus deck and the WAM >> Scale interactions (e.g., weather/jet interactions and the WAM) >Diabatic heating profiles and their impact on WAM circulations. Variability and Predictability of the WAM, > >Mechanisms that force SST variability >Variability of mesoscale and synoptic weather systems and their  relationship with the large-scale environment; >Proxies for rainfall to extend the observational record. Offshore impacts of the WAM,  >Impacts of variability of the WAM (e.g., linked to shear, SAL, weather systems) on variability of tropical cyclone activity. (i

Aerosol/Radiation issues  Relative roles of local biomass burning and transport of plumes from other parts of the region on the radiation budget.  Quantify the extent aerosol experiences wet deposition and affects the chemical composition of the rainwater.  Respective roles of dust and biomass burning in modulating the radiation heating profile over West Africa (and how this impacts the WAM). A key cross-cutting activity that falls under the auspices of WG1 is the US-led West African Monsoon Model Evaluation (WAMME) project. This is a CEOP/CIMS modeling initiative led by Yongkang Xue, Kerry Cook and Bill Lau and is concerned with evaluating models in the WAM region.

3.1 AMMA US Science Team Recognizing the significant US role in the AMMA field campaign and the keen interest of many US PIs in AMMA Science (79 people attended this workshop), an AMMA Science team built around funded contributions to the five international WGs and including an emphasis on the cross-cutting themes (Modeling of the coupled WAM system and Climate impacts) was formed. The AMMA Science Team will be coordinated by an excutive committee that consists of : Kerry Cook, Jason Dunion, Fatih Eltahir, Greg Jenkins, Paul Houser, Arlene Laing, Peter Lamb, Erica Key, Bob Molinari, Chris Thorncroft, Sylwia Trzaska.

ADVANTAGES TO U.S. AMMA PROGRAM BECOMING A U.S. CLIVAR PROPOSED ACTIVITY (1)Access to PSMIP activities directed at improving models (2)Access to other process study PI’s to learn from their experiences in data analyses, modeling, modeler-data collector interactions, etc. (3)Advice from PMSIP on adequacy of U.S. AMMA planning and implementation (4)Assist U.S. CLIVAR in coordination efforts with similar national and international studies (5)Benefit from PMSIP interactions with in situ and satellite observations communities CONVERSELY, U.S. CLIVAR WILL BENEFIT FROM AMMA EFFORTS DIRECTED AT PMSIP GOALS