“A hypothesis that has been confirmed or established by observation and/or experiment” “Statement of what are held to be the general laws, principles, or causes of something known or observed” FACT -Simons and Chabris research confirmed accepted evolving?

Individual Variability - individuals found within the same species can show differences in their morphology 1. Over Time and Space Evolutionary change: a change that occurs in an entire population (over LONG period of time) physical and behavioural what causes? 2. Biodiversity Genetic diversity: the genetic variability among organisms (same species) sexual reproduction unique offspring

Individual variability is caused by mutations Immediate impact and direct effect on populations Influence future generations Changes in genetic information SURVIVAL of generations

Artificial Variation DOMESTICATION (taming) “is the process whereby a population of animals or plants, through a process of selection, becomes accustomed to human provision and control” Artificial Selection “directed breeding for a particular trait” Power of Artificial Selection Offspring very different from natural variability Reduce genetic diversity Limitations Cannot create variability What if bad follows good

Your turn, Summarize the process for breedingpage 285 Page 287 #’s 1-4

Living things were created in present form and unchangeable Georges-Louis Leclerc de Baffon (1707 – 1788) French scientist Animal body structures and functions Features that have no function Species had been created in a more perfect form and changed over time

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 – 1829) Student of Buffon French naturalist early proponent of evolution 2 distinct principles: -structures used become larger/stronger (vice versa) -human muscles -pass on traits that were acquired by parents to offspring -giraffe

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 – 1829) Student of Buffon French naturalist early proponent of evolution 2 distinct principles: -structures used become larger/stronger (vice versa) -human muscles -pass on traits that were acquired by parents to offspring -giraffe How species adapted to environment How could evolve if environment changed

Flawed, but made significant contributions to our understanding of evolution: All species evolve over time A species evolves in response to its environment and becomes better adapted to that environment Changes are passed on from generation to generation

“preserved (in rock or mineral deposits) ancient remains of dead organisms” need low oxygen environments hard bodies are better amber/permafrost/volcanic ash

Your turn, Georges Cuvier ( ) made some very significant conclusions about fossils. List the four conclusions he made from his studies of fossils. Define CATATROPHISM. How did this theory account for patterns seen in the fossil record? What is this theory’s drawback? Define UNIFORMITARIANISM. How did this theory account for patterns seen in geology?