__________ – needs, wants, desires leading to goal-directed behavior Drive theories – seeking _______________ ___________ theories – regulation by external stimuli Evolutionary theories – maximizing ______________ success

Incentive: _________ stimuli motivate organism to obtain desirable goals or to avoid ____________ events

Figure 9.2 The diversity of human motives

___________ rewards may lower interest and ___________

An understanding of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation can help restructure our homes, family, work, & college environments to maximize intrinsic rewards, which will increase our enjoyment & persistence in important tasks. Pause & Reflect: Psychology & Life

___________________ early technique for measuring _________ factors in hunger

Multiple factors: _______, biochemistry, the _____ Note the size difference in these rats. The rat on the left had the _________ area of its hypothalamus destroyed.

Food availability and related cues __________ Quantity available _________ Learned preferences and habits __________ conditioning _________ learning Stress Link between heightened _______________ and overeating

Now that you have a better understanding of the motivational factors behind hunger & eating, how can this information be helpful in maintaining a healthy weight? Pause & Reflect: Critical Thinking

Masters and Johnson – 1966 Stages: _________ Plateau ________ Resolution

Figure 9.4 The human sexual response cycle

_________________ theory Gender differences in sexual ________ Gender differences in mate __________ Criticism and _____________ explanations

Figure 9.7 The gender gap in how much people think about sex

____________________ primary erotic attraction toward members of the same sex (homosexual, gay, lesbian), both sexes (bisexual), or the other sex (heterosexual) Heterosexual – _________ – Homosexual A continuum Theories explaining homosexuality ____________ Biological ____________

Figure 9.9 Homosexuality and heterosexuality as endpoints on a continuum

Figure 9.11 Genetics and sexual orientation

Figure 9.10 How common is homosexuality?

_________________ = need to excel _______________________ (TAT)

 What are the chief identifying characteristics of people with a high need for achievement (nAch)? Pause & Reflect: Assessment

– Preference for ____________ difficult tasks – _______________ – Persistence – Delay gratification – ________________ – Preference for clear goals with competent feedback – ______________ – More accomplished