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1. List 5 major atomic theorists 2. If possible, give a piece of equipment or experiment for which they are noted 3. Draw their model of the atom 4. List 3 basic laws of chemistry that were used to help develop the atomic theory

Hint #1. When you don't know what you are doing, do it neatly.

Who: Democritus When: 400 B.C. Where: Greece What: Matter was made of indivisible substances he called atomos (1 st talk of the atom)

What: All matter is a combination of fire, air, earth or water When: 350 B.C. Where:Greece Who: Aristotle

Who: Antoine Lavoisier Matter can't be created or destroyed When: 1785 Where: France

Who: Joseph Proust What:Elements – Compounds put together in fixed ratios of small whole numbers ex. C + O 2  CO 2 When: 1797 Where: France

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Who: John Dalton What:Two elements can form more than one compound The subscripts of the elements in the compounds will be small whole numbers. C + O 2  CO 2 C + O 2  CO Where: England When: 1803

2 2.1

What: Solid Sphere Model (1 st atomic theory) 1. Matter is composed of indivisible particles 2. All atoms of a particular element are identical 3. Different elements have different atoms 4. Atoms combine in certain whole-number ratios 5. In a chemical reaction, atoms are merely rearranged to form new compounds; they are not created, destroyed, or changed into atoms of any other elements. Who: John Dalton

8 X 2 Y 16 X8 Y + 2.1

Problems with Dalton’s Theory

1. Matter is composed of indivisible particles Atoms can be divided, but only in a nuclear reaction 2. All atoms of a particular element are identical Does not account for isotopes (atoms of the same element but a different mass due to a different number of neutrons)! 3. Different elements have different atoms Yes! 4. Atoms combine in certain whole-number ratios Yes! Called the Law of Definite Proportions 5. In a chemical reaction, atoms are merely rearranged to form new compounds; they are not created, destroyed, or changed into atoms of any other elements. Yes, except for nuclear reactions

Remember to make clear and concise statements with your observations!!!

What: Atoms are not the smallest particle Conducted experiment with a Cathode Ray Tube Particles had a negative charge (discovered electrons) Model = plum pudding jello fruit salad When: 1897 Where: England Who: J.J. Thomson

Cathode Ray Tube

J.J. Thomson, measured mass/charge of e - (1906 Nobel Prize in Physics)

2.2

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What: Experiments to determine mass of electron Conducted the oil drop experiment Verified that electron is negatively charged; 1.6 x coulombs No new model Where: America When: 1910 Who: Robert Millikan

Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment

e - charge = x C Thomson’s charge/mass of e - = x 10 8 C/g e - mass = 9.10 x g Measured mass of e - (1923 Nobel Prize in Physics) 2.2

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What: Conducted Gold Foil experiment Proved nucleus is dense, positively charged core of atom When: 1911 Where: America Model = Stationary Planetary

Gold Foil Experiment

1.atoms positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus 2.proton (p) has opposite (+) charge of electron 3.mass of p is 1840 x mass of e - (1.67 x g)  particle velocity ~ 1.4 x 10 7 m/s (~5% speed of light) (1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) 2.2

atomic radius ~ 100 pm = 1 x m nuclear radius ~ 5 x pm = 5 x m Rutherford’s Model of the Atom 2.2

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What: Pulsating Planetary Model Electrons can move between energy levels When: 1913 Where: Denmark

What: Confirmed existence of neutron No new atomic model When: 1932 Where: England

H atoms - 1 p; He atoms - 2 p mass He/mass H should = 2 measured mass He/mass H = 4  + 9 Be 1 n + 12 C + energy neutron (n) is neutral (charge = 0) n mass ~ p mass = 1.67 x g 2.2

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1. List 5 major atomic theorists 2. If possible, give a piece of equipment or experiment for which they are noted 3. Draw their model of the atom 4. List 3 basic laws of chemistry that were used to help develop the atomic theory

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1.Aristotle 2.John Dalton 3.J J Thomson 4.Ernest Rutherford 5.Democritus

1. Solid Sphere Model 2. Stationary planetary model 3. Plum pudding model 4. Pulsating orbital model

1. Law of conservation of mass 2. Law of definite proportions 3. Law of multiple proportions

1. Neils Bohr 2. John Dalton 3. J J Thomson 4. Ernest Rutherford 5. Millikan

1. Aristotle 2. John Dalton 3. J J Thomson 4. Ernest Rutherford 5. Democritus

1. Neils Bohr 2. John Dalton 3. J J Thomson 4. Ernest Rutherford 5. Millikan

1. Solid Sphere Model 2. Stationary planetary model 3. Plum pudding model 4. Pulsating orbital model

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Draw 4 historical models of atoms on a time-line. The correct model is one point, the correct name or person of the model is one point and the correct approximate time on the line is one point. The Atom Historical Models Family Feud

Part of Atom Size (Tennis B, Base B, Nerf B) Mass (Heaviest, Lightest, Middle) Distance from Center (meters) Proton Neutron Electron The Modern Atom Family Feud