Hypnosis and Drugs Music: “Comfortably Numb” By Pink Floyd “Drinking in LA” By Bran Van 3000

Lecture #6: Agenda Dream interpretation (cont’d) Dream interpretation (cont’d) 1. Hypnosis: a) Demonstration 1. Hypnosis: a) Demonstration –b) Definition –c) Susceptibility –d) Facts & Falsehood –e) Theories 2. Drugs: 2. Drugs: –a) Alcohol –b) Marijuana –c) Ecstasy and others 3. Drug Dependence 3. Drug Dependence 4. Factors in Drug Use 4. Factors in Drug Use

1. Hypnosis 1. Hypnosis a) Demonstration b) Definition: b) Definition: –“Systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.” (p.197) c) Susceptibility: c) Susceptibility: –Hypnotic ability is normally distributed (10% not hypnotizable/ 10% highly hypnotizable) –Associated traits:  absorption, imaginativeness, rich fantasy life  Imaginative suggestibility

1. Hypnosis (cont’d)  d) Facts and Falsehood:  What hypnosis can do:  Alleviate pain  Sensory distortions  Treatment of hypertension, migraines, allergies  What hypnosis cannot do:  Age regression/ Regression into past lives  Make people act against their will  Recover lost memories  e) Theories of Hypnosis  Role enactment theory  Hypnosis as an altered state/ dissociation  Unification of views

2. Drugs  a) Alcohol:  Effects: slows down brain activity that controls judgment, inhibitions and motor coordination.  Accidents: BAC & driving  Violent crime: rape & domestic violence  Binge drinking in university students  Diagnosis of a drinking problem  Complications associated with chronic use:  emotional  social  physical (p.215)

2. Drugs (cont’d) b) Cannabis: b) Cannabis: –Effects: mild hallucinogen;amplifies sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes & smells –Associated problems c) Ecstasy (MDMA) c) Ecstasy (MDMA) –Effects: euphoria, energy, emotional bonding and empathy –Physical consequences: damage to serotonin pathways –Long term impairments in memory, mood and personality

3. Drug Dependence: Criteria  Psychoactive Drug Dependence DSM IV: (3 or more)  Substance taken in larger amounts than intended  Desire and unsuccessful attempts to cut back  Considerable time spent obtaining the substance  Inability to fulfill role obligations & curtailing important activities due to substance  Marked tolerance  Withdrawal symptoms

4. Factors in Drug Abuse –a) Nature of the drug –b) Biological predisposition  e.g. alcoholism –c) Psychological factors:  Depression/anxiety  Escape from painful self-awareness –d) Social factors:  Peers  Family background

See you next week…