Chapter 17. The Central Dogma Transcription & Translation Three main steps for each: Initiation Elongation Termination.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 17

The Central Dogma

Transcription & Translation Three main steps for each: Initiation Elongation Termination

Transcription: Initiation Promoters (TATAA) & transcription factors RNA Polymerase II & transcription initiation complex DNA unwinds, transcription begins

Transcription: Elongation RNA nucleotides added in 5’ to 3’ direction

Transcription: Termination Prokaryotes: terminator signal

Transcription: Termination Eukaryotes: polyadenylation signal sequence

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes 5’ guanine cap & 3’ poly-A tail added Facilitate export from nucleus Prevent degradation

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes Spliceosome of snRNP removes introns, leaves exons

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

Translation – Basic Info In cytoplasm Codons Wobble

Translation – Basic Info Anticodons & tRNA

Translation – Basic Info Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Translation – Basic Info rRNA (ribosome) – two subunits

Translation - Initiation Initiator tRNA hydrogen bonds at start codon (AUG) Requires GTP Initiation factors attach ribosomal subunits

Translation - Elongation A new tRNA with complementary anticodon bonds at the A site. Requires GTP

Translation - Elongation Peptide bond forms between amino acids at P & A sites

Translation - Elongation Translocation Requires GTP Empty tRNA is released

Translation - Elongation Process repeats

Translation - Termination Release factor bonds at stop codon (UAG, UAA, UGA) Hydrolyzes bond between peptide chain & last tRNA Assembly separates

Translation Polyribosomes

Free vs. Bound Ribosomes All start free Signal peptide sequence on those bound for ER Signal-recognition particle (SRP) attaches

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Different RNA polymerases Different transcription termination Different sized ribosomal subunits

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Coupled T & T in prokaryotes

Other Important Topics (you read) Chromosome packing Mutation types (both gene & chromosomal)

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