Assessing Diversity and Civic Learning in College UCLA Diversity Research Conference Sylvia Hurtado Adriana Ruiz Hannah Whang HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH.

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Assessing Diversity and Civic Learning in College UCLA Diversity Research Conference Sylvia Hurtado Adriana Ruiz Hannah Whang HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT UCLA home of the COOPERATIVE INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM

National Imperative for Civic Learning Recovery from a “civic recession” in America Despite reports of volunteerism on surveys, students are less likely to vote or engage politically Institutions are being called to action to promote and assess civic outcomes ▫AAC&U Report: A Crucible Moment: College Learning & Democracy’s Future (The National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement, 2012).

Purpose of Study To identify an array of outcomes on our survey that tap into personal and social responsibility: College entry, 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd, 4 th year of college. Assess the relationship between campus practices, student experiences, and longitudinal change on the various measures of civic learning Link diversity to learning and civic outcomes

Framework: Civic Learning Spiral * Self ▫Self & Others (α YFCY =.64; α CSS =.66) Communities & Cultures ▫Change: Knowledge of people from different races/cultures Knowledge ▫Civic Awareness (α YFCY =.81; α CSS =.82) ▫Integration of Learning (α DLE =.61) Skills ▫Pluralistic Orientation (α YFCY =.86; α DLE =.81; α CSS =.87) ▫Critical Consciousness & Action(α DLE =.81) Values ▫Social Agency (α YFCY =.82; α DLE =.83; α CSS =.83) Public Action ▫Civic Engagement in Public Forums (α DLE =.77; α CSS =.67) ▫Political Engagement (α YFCY =.71; α DLE =.77; α CSS =.74) *From Musil (2009)

Data and Samples The Freshman Survey (TFS) Your First College Year (YFCY) Diverse Learning Environments (DLE) College Senior Survey (CSS) Year(s) Studentsmatched25,3738,31610,701 Institutionsmatched

Measures 9 Outcomes: Reflect Civic Learning Spiral  5 previously validated constructs created with IRT  3 new factors  1 single item measure  Reliability and factor loadings available at: Covariates: Common Model  Inputs/controls, campus-facilitated practices, informal experiences, cognitive measures, institutional characteristics 5-12 Additional Covariates: Survey-Specific Models  Measures not available on all three surveys

Analysis Missing Data: EM algorithm Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) ▫Accounts for nested structure of data 19 models for 9 outcomes across 3 surveys ▫7 outcomes available on more than one survey

Results by Common Model Direction and Number of Significant Relationships* Positive Cross-Racial Interaction (+18) Habits of Mind (+18) Sense of Belonging (+10, -3) Volunteer Work (+12) Leadership Training (+11) Institution’s Respect for Expression of Diverse Beliefs (+11) Service-Learning Course (+10, -1) *Significant at p<.05 or greater

Results by Outcome Social Agency Pluralistic Orientation Political Engagement Habits of Mind (+3) Positive Cross- Racial Interaction (+3) Volunteer Work (+3) Habits of Mind (+3) Positive Cross- Racial Interaction (+3) Institution’s respect for diverse beliefs (+3) Habits of Mind (+3) Positive Cross- Racial Interaction (+3) Institutional control: Private (-3)

Results by Survey YFCY (6 outcomes)DLE(6 outcomes)CSS(7 outcomes) Student election (+6) College exposed me to different values and cultures (+6) Institution’s respect for diverse beliefs (+6) Local or national political campaign (+5) Leadership training (+5) Service-learning (+5) Volunteer work (+5) Sorority/fraternity (-5) Institutional Commitment to Diversity (+4) Liberal Political Views (+4) Co-Curricular Diversity Activities (+4) Racial student organization (+7) Study abroad (+6) Ethnic Studies (+6) Women’s Studies (+5) Sense of belonging (+6) Belief: Dissent is a critical component of political process (+6) Belief: Individual can do little to change society (-6)

Conclusion and Implications Diversity is strongly linked with civic learning outcomes Campus commitments to improving the climate for diversity are also linked with enhancing students’ civic learning outcomes Evidence to fuel connections across campus – merging diversity work and civic engagement to yield young citizens empowered to make changes in a diverse and global society

Resources For Surveys/Institutes/Papers/Presentations: Visit to read the full set of ED’s commitment and “Roadmap.” Visit “civic learning” at AAC&U website, Diversity and Democracy newsletter HIGHER EDUCATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT UCLA home of the COOPERATIVE INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM