Protein Synthesis Transcription

DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus

3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA): Carries information from DNA to ribosome for________________. Transfer RNA (tRNA): Transport _________________. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up the _____________. protein synthesis amino acids ribosomes

Part 1:Steps of Transcription 1. An _________ attaches to a section of DNA, separating the two strands. 2. The enzyme moves down the DNA, building a strand of RNA that is ______________ to the DNA. 3. The enzyme reads a _____ code and the new strand of RNA is completed and moves into the _______________. enzyme complementary STOP cytoplasm

Protein Synthesis Translation

The genetic code The base sequence is read in groups of _____ ___________ __________. Each 3-nucleotide sequence is called a ______. Each codon encodes for a specific ______ _____or a ______or ______signal. three adjacent nucleotides codon amino acid startstop

Amino Acid Anti-codon

Steps of Translation 1. mRNA attaches to a _________. Amino acids floating in the cytoplasm are transported to the ribosome by _______. 2. The first tRNA binds to the ______ codon: AUG. ribosome tRNA start

3. Another tRNA binds to the next codon and carries the appropriate amino acid. A _______ ______ forms between the two amino acids. 4. The first tRNA leaves and the ribsome moves across the next _______. peptide bond codon

5. Another tRNA binds to the codon and attaches the corresponding amino acid. The ____________ chain continues to grow. 6. Finally, the ribosome reads the ______ ______, and the polypeptide falls off the ribosome. polypeptide STOP codon

Amino acid tRNA ribosome mRNA polypeptide

The final step of protein synthesis: The polypeptide made at the end of translation, folds into the proper ________, becoming a functional ________. shape protein

The central dogma of biology DNA  RNA  protein