Open to pg. 298 Read the “Connections: Here and There” section on TRUMPETS. In your notes, answer: –Why are trumpets important? –What purpose do they serve? –What is a shofar? –Who is Wynton Marsalis?

Oral Tradition Oral tradition – poems, songs, or stories passed by word of mouth from one generation to another. Dangers of Oral Tradition? –Telephone

Patterns of Life What is “matrilineal”? Why are many societies in Africa “matrilineal”?

African City-States & Kingdoms Get a hand out and begin filling out the chart. SocietyDatesLocation Economic Activities Cultural Achievements Reasons for Decline Kush Aksum Kilwa Shona Ghana Mali Songhay

SocietyDatesLocation Economic Activities Cultural Achievements Reasons for Decline Kush Aksum Kilwa Shona Ghana Mali Songhay 1800BC- 150AD East Africa, along Nile Controlled trade routes, iron working Pyramids, temples; pottery Unknown, (before Aksum) 300s to 700s East Africa, Ethiopian Highlands (Nile) Controlled Red Sea trade routes Ezana converted to Christianity Influence ended with rise of Islam 1100s to 1400s Coast of East Africa Port for shipment of goods Trade center, large mosque ??? About s Central Africa, modern Zimbabwe Controlled mining, shipment of gold to coast Great Zimbabwe Mysterious- maybe natural disaster 200s West Africa Controlled desert trade routes Use of camels Invaded by Berber tribes 1200s West Africa Controlled desert trade routes Mansa Musa- art & Muslim education Sunni Ali & his fleet capture Timbuktu West Africa Controlled desert trade routes Standardized weights, measures, currency Moroccans invaded

Get out African Kingdoms handout … Look at the picture below and get to work on the back of the handout. Aerial View

Trade in Africa: What goods did East and Central Africans trade to others? –Gold –Slaves –Ivory –Hides –Tortoise shells What did they trade for? –Porcelain –Weapons –Salt –Tools –Cloth