CONTRIBUTIONS TO MAHASRI/AMY Dr. Samarendra Karmakar Director Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)

Introduction Scientists from Kyoto University under the leadership of Prof. T. Hyashi started observational experiments for monsoon in Bangladesh since Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) extended all effort cooperation in these experiments. They also installed a number of Automatic rainfall measuring instruments and AWS (at two places) over Bangladesh under MAHASRI Project.

BAY OF BENGAL                                   INDIA (Meghalaya) INDIA (West Bengal) INDIA (Tripura) Dinajpur Dhaka Mymensingh Sylhet Chittagong Rajshahi Locations of radar and raingauges AWS: ☆ –Dhaka(ICDDR,B) quasi-realtime from 2004 –Cherrapunjee, Sylhet data logger from 2007 Raingauges –6-gauges ： □ –12-gauges ： ○ –5-gauges ： ○ –15-gauges: ○ Dhaka radar coverage ☆ ☆ ☆ Prof. T. Hyashi’s Group and Bangladesh Meteorological Department’s Collaboration

Locations of Rain gauges in Bangladesh and India

6-RG’s Bangladesh 5-RG’s Meghalaya Data Coverage of RG’s and AWS’s 2007/032006/03 12-RG’s Sylhet 15-RG’s Assam 2007/032006/ /02AWS2004/ /022004/ /032006/03 RADAR(Dhaka)2007/03 new AWS

How much is the world record? 26,461 ( August 1860 – July 1861 ) 9,360 ( July 1861) 11,870 (greatest annual rainfall by Guinness record)

Annual rainfall in Cherrapunjee ( )

Border between Bangladesh and India 2006 May Meghalaya Plateau

2004/07/292005/02/282007/ /08/242005/03/042007/ /03/012007/ /08/012005/03/032007/ /08/112005/03/012007/ /08/052007/ /03/032007/06 Dhaka AWS Chittagong Dhaka Dinajpur Mymensingh Rajshahi Sylhet RGs Obs. time table of Automatic Weather Stations and Rain Gauges 30 Jun.- no data

Rainfall Amount in 2006 Summer Monsoon Netro Haor 8,409mm Chhatak 8,685mm Habiganj 4,394mm Amalshid 3,451mm

Analysis of data:Case study of pre-monsoon storm. AWS –Diurnal variations -> Ｂ –AWS obs. case study. -> Ｃ

RADAR echo assoc. with tornadoes meso-system caused tornadoes new AWS

Relation with water level at Surma river at Sylhet

Observations in 2007: Prof. Hyashi and his group made several RS observations during the Pre-monsoon and SW-monsoon months of April, May, June, July and 1 st week of August 2007 at Dhaka Bangladesh. These upper air observations will very useful in the study of Nor’westers (severe thunderstorms)onset of monsoon, its ongoing activities and the conditions over Bangladesh during the formation and movement of monsoon depressions in the Bay of Bengal. The disturbances formed in the Bay of Bengal in 2007 are: June: 2 Deep Depressions July: 2 Well-marked lows August: 3 Depressions.

Radar Stations are at Dhaka, Rangpur, Cox’s Bazar, Khepupara Cox’s Bazar was replaced by Doppler Radar in April Replacement of Khepupara Radar is in progress and will be completed by March New Doppler Radar at Maulavibazar will be commissioned by March 2009 Radars coverage of BMD

BMD has also taken up a project to establish 7 Agro-meteorological Observatories of BM D in addition to existing 11 Agro-meteorological Observatories of BMD has taken up a project to establish 5 new First Class Observatories in addition to existing 35 First Class Observatories

Scientific Studies: The upper air data obtained in 2007 will be analyzed to study: Onset of SW-monsoon over Bangladesh. Vertical distribution of moisture over Bangladesh. Energetics of the troposphere over Bangladesh during the onset and on-going activities of monsoon. Precipitable water content of the troposphere and its correlation with actual rainfall. Fluxes of moisture and energy components in the troposphere over Bangladesh

In 2008, BMD will make RS observations at three stations: Dhaka, Chittagong and Bogra during the monsoon seasons. The surface observations (3 hrly) will be archived especially for the study of monsoon in These observational data will be analyzed to study the monsoon of 2008 and compared with the NWP products of NCMRWF and ECMRWF. The data obtained will be exchanged among the researchers.

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