FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE G. TOGIA SECTION ΠΗ-Ω 31/05/2016 Introduction to linguistics II.

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FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE G. TOGIA SECTION ΠΗ-Ω 31/05/2016 Introduction to linguistics II

Today’s topics Text Linguistics – Discourse Analysis:  Conversational analysis and turn-taking. You can study these topics in:  George Yule: Chapter 12. 2

CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS Text Linguistics - Discourse Analysis Course title: Introduction to Linguistics II

What is conversational interaction ? An activity in which, for the most part, two or more people take turns at speaking. Some features of conversational interaction:  Typically, only one person speaks at a time.  Usually, silence is avoided.  If two people talk at the same time, one of them stops. 4

Conversational interaction: example A: Didn’t you [know wh- B: [But he must’ve been there by two A: Yes, but you knew where he was going 5

Completion point The point which signals that the speaker has finished speaking. This is done in a number of ways:  Asking a question.  Pausing at the end of a phrase or sentence. 6

TURN-TAKING Text Linguistics - Discourse Analysis Course title: Introduction to Linguistics II

Turn-taking Turn-taking refers to participants’ methods of participating in a conversation. Related to turn-taking are:  Simultaneous talk.  Interruption.  Gaps: when neither the current speaker has selected one nor has anyone else been self-selected. 8

Turn-taking strategies One strategy is designed to avoid having normal completion points. Used when we have to work out what we’re trying to say while actually saying it.  Use connectors (and, and then, so, but).  Place pauses at points where the message is incomplete.  Use filled pauses: er, em, uh, ah. 9

Example 1: pauses before and after verbs A: that’s their favorite restaurant because they…enjoy French food and when they were…in France they couldn’t believe it that…you know that they had…that they had had better meals back home. 10

Example 2: filled pauses X: well that film really was…[wasn’t what he was good at] Y: [when di-] X: I mean his other …em his later films were much more…er really more in the romantic style and that was more what what he was…you know…em best at doing Y: so when did he make that one? Exercise 1 11

Summary 12 Conversation Analysis: an activity in which, for the most part, two or more people take turns at speaking. Turn-taking: it refers to participants’ methods of participating in a conversation.

Next week Language and Regional Variation:  The standard language.  Accent and dialect.  Regional dialects.  Isoglosses and dialect boundaries.  The dialect continuum.  Bilingualism and diglossia.  Language planning.  Pidgins and Creoles.