Radar composites Elena Saltikoff FMI 31.5.2016Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus1.

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Presentation transcript:

Radar composites Elena Saltikoff FMI Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus1

What is better than a radar ? Many radars ! Individual radars are useful for analysis and forecasting over a small region. Even more useful is a network of radars coordinated as a mesoscale observation network to observe mesoscale circulations such as the core of tropical cyclones Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus2

What is better than a radar ? Many radars ! Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus3

What is better than having a radar ? Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus4 Using your neighbour’s radar ?

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus5 A mosaic or composite does not replace individual radar images – it has different uses

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus6

The basic questions of composites How long shall we wait What to do at overlapping areas Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus7

What to do at overlapping areas Maximum: largest number wins. Average: Use the average of the available data. Bad with mountains. Priority: Use data from the best radar Nearest: Use data from the nearest radar Weighted: Use data from all the available radars with an averaging weight of 1/R where R is the range from each radar to the current pixel Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus8

Additional challenges Are all the radars calibrated the same way ? Does ”red” mean similar rain at all radars ? If we combine images, not data, there are not many options (not maximum, not average,…) Radars use different scanning schemes Elevations can be solved with matematics Time intervals more challenging Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus9

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus10 Elevations

Annoying blinking Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus11

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus12

…avoided with longer waiting times Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus13

In Finland we see differences in composites Colour scale is set in national products differently for snow and rain, in Scandinavian and European composites as standard Scandinavian composite is made (so far) from images, not data, each pixel 2 km, no mixing in overlap areas Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus14

Europeanwide data-composite in testing Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus15

In Finland composites are used in public a lot Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus16

Sometimes we combine radar + satellite Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus17

The Danger of Composites They look good and they are often easy to use … but they could make you forget the 3-dimensional nature of weather Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus18

Snow Density Case 26Feb 2009 What if we combined two radars here

Snow Density Case 26Feb 2009

Data from volume scan can still be combined several ways PPI Plan position CAPPI Constant altitude MAX maximum in column EchoTOP height of threshold Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus22

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus23 Black line = Data used in a PPI

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus24 Black line = Data used in a CAPPI

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus25 Black line = Data used in a CAPPI (with fill)

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus26 Black line = Data used in a MAX

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus27 Rings in TOPS product: example (-10 dBZ)

Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus28 Black line = Data used in a TOPS (20 dBZ)

Composite conclusions Use composites for synoptical analysis Be aware of the geometry Get details from single-radar products Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus29

Bonus:use of different products in same situation Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus30

CAPPI for general survey (this we show in television and in internet)

Cappi from different altitudes: 2 km and 800 m Ilmatieteen laitos / PowerPoint ohjeistus32

MAX for overview. Robust product – popular in mountaineous countries.

TOP and XSECT for detailed meteorological analysis

Cross-section to estimate the age

Young and old cell