Chapter 19 section 1

Takes the throne in 1589 First monarch of a new royal house Bourbons Had been a member of the Huguenot Protestant minority group Converted to Catholicism Wanted to help bring peace and unity to France

It guaranteed freedom of worship and political rights and ended the religious wars Was to protect the Huguenots

In the 1500’s the powerful nobles had weakened France’s central government He worked to control the nobility and regain power He will not be able to solve the taxation problem’s in the country Nobles and members of the clergy were exempt from taxes People in large cities were exempt from royal taxes Taxes fell heavily on the lower and middle classes

Put in charge of the finances Will be able to end some of the abuse Tax money started to go to the treasury It will help to improve trade and industry

Henry IV will be murdered in 1610 Marie de Medicis will rule until Louis XIII came to power in 1617

Eight years old when his father was murdered Will come to power in 1617 He was sickly and had trouble concentrating Chose wise advisers who would provide strong leadership Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII chief minister Political genius Wanted to make the king supreme in France and France supreme in Europe To strengthen the monarch, he worked to take power away from the nobles, and political rights away from the Huguenots To strengthen France he encouraged trade and industry

Believed that the freedom given to the Huguenots was dangerous Lived in cities that were like states within a state Made strong central government impossible 1627 Military attacks on the Huguenots Huguenots asked for peace Allowed them to practice their religion Took away their rights to fortify cities

He strengthened the authority of regional representatives of the king Intendants Were the monarchy’s representatives in the provinces that made up France

1618 Thirty years war began Prague A protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire France, Denmark, and Sweden were looking for ways to weaken the empire and its ruling family Habsburgs

Richelieu kept the war going Saw the war as an opportunity to strengthen France Will keep France out of the war Other European countries became weak from fighting Most of the fighting took place in Germany Ruined the country France will eventually join the fighting 1648 Most of the allies goals will have been accomplished

Treaty of Westphalia 1648 ended the war France is strengthened when they received Alsace Gave independence to the Netherlands and Switzerland German princes more or less independent of the Holy Roman Emperor Would weaken the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg Family

Louis XIV became king of France in 1643 Ruled for 72 years Longest reign in French History Lived through the Fronde rebellions French nobles and peasants attacked the central royal government Worked to make kings power absolute

Huge palace a few miles outside of Paris Moved French government there

So expensive to build that is strained the French economy It represented the grandeur and power of the monarchy

Louis believed in the divine right of kings That God had chosen him to rule the nation He will also use the palace to control the nobles Most important nobles are to live here Keep an eye on them

Louis XIV’s court at Versailles became the ideal for European royalty Other monarchs soon would copy France Louis would adopt the sun as his personal symbol The sun’s rays reached far and wide, just like his power Nickname Sun King

Louis was directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the French government He chose advisers who worked under his direct supervision Jean- Baptiste Colbert

Expert in finances Middle class member Strong political policies to promote economic development Increase French industry at home Build French trade abroad Placed high tariffs on foreign imports to protect French businesses Worked to improve transportation

He worked to reform the nations tax system by making it more evenly distributed across the population Aimed to make the system more fair Eliminating exemptions granted to the privileged Trade and commerce grew, and France became a leading economic power in Europe Raise government income to pay for economic improvements Army and navy power

Religious unity 1685 did away with the Edict of Nantes Huguenots disturbed the unity of France and weakened the central government Ended Frances policy of tolerance for Protestants

Louis believed security depended on the country having natural frontiers Would fight in four wars between 1667 and 1713 Countries saw this and started to ally with each other Balance of power Countries have equal strength in order to prevent any other country from dominating the others

Louis last war Fought over who would become the next king of Spain Would be fought in North America, Europe and at sea

1713 the war ended Important document in both Europe and America Will recognize Louis’s grandson as the king of Spain Stated that France and Spain could never unite French lands in North America were given to Great Britain