LONG TERM CAUSES of WWII – Imperialism – Expansionism – Militarism – Nationalism – Appeasement – Great Depression – Rise of Totalitarian Governments – Failure of the League of Nations – Harsh Reparations of the Treaty of Versailles

The Versailles Treaty Germany Blamed for war Lost colonies New countries formed out theirs Paid (war debts) reparations Germany Blamed for war Lost colonies New countries formed out theirs Paid (war debts) reparations

The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations  No control of major conflicts.  No progress in disarmament.  No effective military force.

International Agreements  Several attempts by U.S. to get countries to agree to disarming  Washington Disarmament Conference  Geneva Convention  Treaties with Japan  Kellog-Briand Pact – 1928  Makes war illegal as a tool of diplomacy o No enforcement provisions

Growing Military Power Democracy in Crisis After World War I, Japan had established a parliamentary government and granted many citizens the right to vote. When economic conditions worsened during the 1930s, many Japanese became dissatisfied with multiparty democratic government. Rise of Nationalism Several radical groups formed in response to the government’s perceived weaknesses. Radicals demanded an end to Western-style institutions and a return to traditional ways. These radicals assassinated several business and political leaders, hoping to force the military to take over the government. Chapter 17, Section 3

Japan Invades Manchuria 1931

The Manchurian Incident By 1930, Japan lacked the land and raw materials to care for its growing population. Many Japanese saw the acquisition of neighboring Manchuria as a solution to these problems. In September 1931, a Japanese army stationed in Manchuria captured several cities. By February 1932, the army had seized all of Manchuria. This seizure came to be known as the Manchurian Incident. Japan set up Manchuria as a puppet state, or a supposedly independent country under the control of a powerful neighbor. After the Manchurian Incident, the military took a much stronger hand in governing Japan, especially in the area of foreign policy.

1931 into Manchuria 1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia 1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China… invades Indochina US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel into Manchuria 1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia 1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China… invades Indochina US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel.

dictators  Took the form of a god Manifest Destiny  Japan’s Manifest Destiny was to expand into China and the rest of Asia.  Empire of the Sun Emperor Hirohito

dictators  1931/Japan, expansionist and military leader Open Door Policy.Would threaten our island possessions and U.S. trade policy into China, Open Door Policy. Hideki Tojo

Problems in Europe After WWI Great Depression Economic = people were jobless Political = weak governments could not solve problems in their countries………..Fear of Jews and Communists Social = times of unrest people look for a leader.

Totalitarian dictators came to power during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe. Totalitarian dictators COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS! Totalitarian dictators have total power….There are no freedoms in this type of society…..Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain groups……Often have large militaries and must expand and conquer to gain approval from their people. COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS! Adolph Hitler Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Emperor Hirohito dictators

NAZISM AND FASCISM: NAZISM AND FASCISM: a philosophy or system of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship, state control of industry, racial superiority, supremacy of the leader, limits civil rights, together with an ideology of belligerent nationalism, militarism and expansion….. opposite of democracy and capitalism Communism and fascismCommunism and fascism are similar in their ideologies nazism

Joseph Stalin Communism1921/Soviet Union Communism  Spread Communism throughout the world dictators Stalin maneuvered himself into becoming the leader of the Soviet Union. The Russian Revolution NO BILL OF RIGHTS”The Russian Revolution was led by the people to overthrow a monarch but when the new ruling class took over, there were no protections of people’s rights…… “NO BILL OF RIGHTS” Communism and fascismCommunism and fascism are similar in their ideologies

Stalin’s Soviet Union Stalin’s Economic Plans Stalin’s state takeover of farmland resulted in a dramatic fall in agricultural production as well as mass starvation. Stalin poured money and labor into industrialization rather than basic necessities such as housing and clothing. Due to Stalin’s policies, the Soviet Union soon became a modern industrial power, although one with a low standard of living. Stalin’s Reign of Terror purges To eliminate opposition, Stalin began a series of purges, the removal of enemies and undesirable individuals from positions of power. Stalin’s purges extended to all levels of society. Millions were either executed or sent to forced labor camps. Nearly all of those purged by Stalin were innocent. However, these purges successfully eliminated all threats to Stalin’s power.

dictators  Benito Mussolini Facism  1922/Italy---Facism  Believe, Obey and Fight  Revive the Roman Empire  FACISM:BASED ON A SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY IN THE OLD ROMAN EMPIRE  FACISM: BASED ON A SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY IN THE OLD ROMAN EMPIRE………… ”a philosophy or system of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship, state control of industry, racial superiority, supremacy of the leader, limits civil rights, together with an ideology of belligerent nationalism, militarism and expansion…..”

Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini gained power in Italy both by advocating the popular idea of Italian conquest in East Africa and by terrorizing those who opposed him. Il Duce Once appointed prime minister by the king, Mussolini, calling himself Il Duce, suspended elections, outlawed other political parties, and established a dictatorship. Mussolini’s rule improved the ailing Italian economy. Under Mussolini, the Italian army successfully conquered the African nation of Ethiopia in May 1936.

The Rise of Adolph Hiler  Born in Austria  Fought in WWI and was bitter towards the Treaty of Versailles

 Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)  Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi party  November The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.  Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)  Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi party  November The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.  After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political parties.  Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views.  After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political parties.  Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views. The Rise of Adolph Hiler

 It fails and Hitler is arrested.  He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5- year sentence.  Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”  After his release from prison he continued to work with the Nazi party to take over Germany.  It fails and Hitler is arrested.  He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5- year sentence.  Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”  After his release from prison he continued to work with the Nazi party to take over Germany. The Rise of Adolph Hitler

"SA and SS, Heil! The great time has now begun. Germany is now awakened. We have won power in Germany. Now we must win over the German people. I know, my comrades, it must have been difficult at times, when you were desiring change which didn't come, so time and time again the appeal has to be made to continue the struggle - you mustn't act yourself, you must obey, you must give in, you must submit to this overwhelming need to obey." The Rise of Adolph Hiler  January 30, Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany

dictators  Adolph Hitler, appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933  Appoints himself dictator after Reichstag (German law-making body) is burnt to the ground. “Third Reich”  Create a new empire, “Third Reich” Treaty of VersaillesRevenge towards the Treaty of Versailles  Rearm Germany  Take back land lost from WWI

dictators The Nazis used a political police the Gestapothe Gestapo the SS corpsthe SS corps Propaganda to gain total power. Anti-Nazi leaders were arrested. Violated the privacyViolated the privacy of postal and telephonic communications. search warrantsNazis did not need search warrants for house searches or for confiscating or restricting private property.

FREEDOMS LOST FREEDOM OF SPEECHFREEDOM OF SPEECH NAZI’S CENSORED WHAT YOU COULD READ. DUE PROCESSDUE PROCESS COULD BE ARRESTED WITHOUT PROBABLE CAUSE NO TRIAL BY JURY RACISM PERSECUTIONNO TRIAL BY JURY NAZI’S PRACTICED RACISM AND PERSECUTION TOWARDS THE JEWS. CIVIL RIGHTSTHEY WERE STRIPPED OF THEIR CIVIL RIGHTS... NO LONGER CITIZENS

nuremberg Hitler blames Jews and Communists for problems of Germany Loss of WWILoss of WWI German Economic DepressionGerman Economic Depression raceJews identified as a “race” –not a religion Anti-Semitism A New Education BeginsA New Education Begins Save purity of German race- Eugenics Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws A Common Enemy

Phase Phase –A Common Enemy : Re-Education –Citizenship Rights? –German Jews face deportation –Violence Escalates----Kristalnacht Phase 2 ( )Phase 2 ( ) –World War II begins vs. France/England –Holocaust Begins –Holocaust Begins--- The Final Solution –Ghettos and Forced Labor Camps –mass executions of Jews and Eastern Europeans. –Einzsengruben death squads –Gas Chamber Two Phases of Hatred

German Propaganda against the Jews.German Propaganda against the Jews. "The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war.""The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war." German Propaganda against the Jews.German Propaganda against the Jews. "The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war.""The Jew: The inciter of war, the pro-longer of war."

German children were taught in school that Jews were inferior.

Anti-SemitismNazi Government Policy of Anti-Semitism Purity of German bloodPurity of German blood was essential to the existence of the German people and nation. Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws passed in 1935 provided legal basis. Millions of Jews died in German concentration camps.

1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German blood are forbidden. 2. Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and German blood are forbidden. 3. Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of German blood as servants. 4. Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colors. nuremberg

5. Jewish children and German were segregated. 6. The right to citizenship is acquired by the granting of Reich citizenship papers. 7. Only the citizen of the Reich enjoys full political rights in accordance of the laws. 8. A citizen of the Reich is of German blood and who shows that he is both desirous and fit to serve the German people and Reich faithfully. nuremberg

 The first organized night of Nazi violence against German Jews Nov , 1938  Thousands arrested, including college professors, writers, doctors, etc.  Jewish businesses, stores, homes and synagogues burned all through Germany and other German Occupied countries  Nazi violence against German Jews led to thousands hurt and many deaths…..

U.S. ISLANDS OPEN DOORBETWEEN 1931 TO 1941, JAPAN CONTROLLED MOST OF ASIA AND WAS THREATENING U.S. ISLANDS AND OUR OPEN DOOR TRADE POLICY. TREATY OF VERSAILLESFROM 1935 TO 1939, HITLER REMARMED GERMANY IN VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES. GERMANY/ITALY CONQUERED DEMOCRACIESGERMANY/ITALY CONQUERED ALL THE DEMOCRACIES IN EUROPE. US POLICYNEUTRALITYUS POLICY WAS STRICT NEUTRALITY BUT ULTIMATELY WOULD BE DRAWN INTO WWII. democracies

GERMAN EXPANSION 1935 to 1939, unopposed by the League of Nations. Rhineland 1936 Austria 1938 GERMAN EXPANSION 1935 to 1939, unopposed by the League of Nations. Rhineland 1936 Austria 1938

Sudetenland Part of Germany before WWI. Treaty of Versailles created Czechoslovakia 7,450,000 Czechs 3,200,000 Germans 2,300,000 Slovaks 720,000 Magyars 560,000 Ruthenes 100,000 Poles Sudetenland Part of Germany before WWI. Treaty of Versailles created Czechoslovakia 7,450,000 Czechs 3,200,000 Germans 2,300,000 Slovaks 720,000 Magyars 560,000 Ruthenes 100,000 Poles Munich Conference

Leaders met in Munich to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia.. Hitler believed Sudetenland should be part of Germany. Adolf Hitler--Germany Neville Chamberlain—England Premier Edouard Deladier---France Benito Mussolini--Italy Hitler promised the world if he received the Sudetenland, there would be no war.

German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Hitler got the Sudetenland. Hitler got the Sudetenland. German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Hitler got the Sudetenland. Hitler got the Sudetenland.

Munich Conference FDR sent a letter to Hitler asking him to honor the Munich Conference Later in 1939, Hitler would invade and take the rest of Czechoslovakia……. The United States learned from the Munich Conference that you cannot trust the words of a dictator………

1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries. 1936: forbid loans to all belligerents Cash and Carry1937: “Cash and Carry” principle: all nations must pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the goods in their own vessels 1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries. 1936: forbid loans to all belligerents Cash and Carry1937: “Cash and Carry” principle: all nations must pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the goods in their own vessels Neutral

Danzig and the Polish Corridor After the Czechoslovakia, Hitler wanted Poland. Why? – Danzig, a seaport city that was 90% German – Germany lost this after WWI so that Poland would have access to the sea. If Hitler invaded Poland, Great Britain and France would declare war on Germany. Hitler prepared to invade and started to negotiate with the USSR;

ww2 begins WWII BEGINS IN EUROPE GERMANY INVADES POLANDSEPT. 1, 1939, GERMANY INVADES POLAND….. WWIITHIS BEGINS WWII… GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY! GERMANY INVADES POLANDSEPT. 1, 1939, GERMANY INVADES POLAND….. WWIITHIS BEGINS WWII… GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY!