Kingdom Protista

General Characteristics Eukaryotic cell structure Some unicellular, others multicellular Some carry on photosynthesis - make their own food like plants Some ingest food - like animals Some absorb food - like fungi

3 categories of Protists Animal-like Fungus-like Plant-like

Animal-like protists: PROTOZOANS classified by the 4 ways they move: Cilia 1) Cilia - Flagellum(a) 2) Flagellum(a) - Coordinated movement between individual cilia Back and forth wave motion tiny beating hair-like structures whip-like tail(s) All heterotrophs

Pseudopodia - 3) Pseudopodia - Animal-like protists classified by the 4 ways they move: projection of cytoplasm that sticks out like a foot (“false foot”) Sessile 4) Sessile - No locomotion (_________)movement

1. Amoeba  moves by pseudopodia which give appearance of cell changing size and shape  comes from the Greek word amoibe which means “change” Animal-like protists Example  unicellular  aquatic - lives in ponds, ditches or slowly moving streams  can cause disease – amoebic dysentery  ingests small organisms like bacteria and other protozoans

1. Amoeba Animal-like protists - Sarcodines  feeding sequence  psuedopodia surround and engulf food particle, and this process called phagocytosis

2. Paramecium Animal-like protists - Ciliates Unicellular, slipper-shaped move by coordinated beating of many cilia aquatic - mostly found in ponds and streams usually do not cause diseases in humans

2. Paramecium - continued Animal-like protists - Ciliates Feeding occurs in the funnel- shaped gullet (buccal cavity) where food is drawn in by external and internal cilia to form food vacuole ingests organic detritus and other small organisms like bacteria and other protozoans

2. Paramecium - continued Animal-like protists - Ciliates Reproduction 1. Binary fission (________)asexual N = nucleus F =Fission plane

2. Conjugation (________)sexual 2. Paramecium - continued Animal-like protists - Ciliates Reproduction Form structure called conjugation tube to exchange genetic material

Protist reproduce by forming spores Diseases Malaria: sporozoan carried by mosquitos Africa sleeping sickness: zooflagellate, carried by a fly. mostly common in tropical areas Sporozoa do not move on their own They are parasitic Characteristics of Sporozoans (Animal-like) Animal-like protists: The Sporozoan Amebic dysentery: zooflagellate, carried by dirty water

Have chlorophyll Make their own food They can live in 4 main environments: salt water soil tree bark freshwater PLANT-LIKE PROTIST they produce large amounts of oxygen which are used by other living organisms they are grouped according to color & stucture into 5 main groups: 4) red dinoflagellates 2) diatoms 5) algae 1) euglena 3) dinoflagelletes

They are grouped according to color & stucture PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d A) Euglena B) Diatom C) Dinoflagellates D) Red Dinoflagellates E) Green Algae

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d A) Euglena- Unicelluar alga that moves with one flagellum red eyespot near front end to find light…Why? to direct light to chloroplast. lives in fresh water reproduces asexually have chlorophyll and can make their own food ( ) autotroph

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d B) Diatom beautiful unicelluar protists come in many shapes EX: boats, rods, disks, triangles important food source for water dwelling animals made of the same material as glass used for toothpaste, scouring powders, & filters

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d C) Dinoflagellates Algae that is usually found in oceans Most reproduce by binary fission. Half are photosynthetic, and the others are heterotrophs. Move by two flagella

PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d E) Green Algae can be unicellular or multicellular Found in fresh and salt water. Colony – a group of cells that live together they produce oxygen in water. serve as food for fish, snails, and crayfish spirogyra Share many characteristics with plants including their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition

Algae reproduce through a process called alternation of generations –It is the switch back and forth between haploid and diploid stages during their life cycle. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d Algae Examples EX: Kelp (brown algae)

HUMAN USES OF ALGAE Produce much of the earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis. Chemicals in algae are use to treat stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, and arthritis. Used in Sushi rolls,ice cream, salad dressing, pudding candy bars and pancake syrups Used to make plastics, waxes, transistors, deodorant, paints lubricants and artificial wood

FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST Slime Molds: fungus-like protists that are consumers live in cool, damp places EX: forest floor feed on bacteria growing on rotting logs and decaying leaves some are parasites (very few)

Plants, Fungi & Animal Cells Plants Only Cell wall of cellulose Central vacuole Chloroplasts Animals Only Lysosomes Centrioles Fungi Only –Cell wall of chitin –Central vacuole –No chloroplasts

1) List the three main (groups) types of protists? 2) Give two examples of animal-like protists. 3) What are sporozoans? Give one example. 4) List the 3 structures protozoan use for locomotion. 5) List 5 plant-like protists? 6) Why are algae important? Directions: Write out & highlight the following questions