Paulo Ferrão Green Islands: a research driven partnership for green growth

Education Bio-Engineering Systems (PhD, EM) Engineering Design & Advanced Manufacturing (PhD, EM) Sustainable Energy Systems (PhD, EM) Transportation Systems (PhD, MSc) Research Bio-Engineering Systems Engineering Design & Advanced Manufacturing Sustainable Energy & Transportation Systems Innovation and Entrepreneurship Building Global Innovators Innovative Curricula activities ISCTE ISEG IST FCUL UNL MIT Portugal Program

MIT-Portugal in numbers ( ) Current PhD Students Training Network 270 Portuguese Faculty 37% Percentage International Students 44 Students Countries of Origin 70 MIT Faculty 59 Industry Affiliates 28 Portuguese Higher Education insitutions involved in R&D Activities 8 Portuguese institutions offering PhD in association 858 Total # Students 190 Master Graduates Innovation & Entrepreneurship (I&E) 7 MIT Centers Part of I&E 5 5 BGI Editions 1,498 entrepreneurs 22 countries 4 continents 55 Active co’s; 300+jobs; €20M+ in financing 112 PhD Graduates 524

Economy Society Sustainable Development Environment Sustainable Development IPAT I mpact (Environmental) = P opulation x A ffluence x T echnology

Material consumption per capita (t) Canas, A., Ferrão, P. and Conceição, P. (2003) “A new environmental kuznets curve? Relationship between direct material input and income per capita: evidence from industrialized countries”. Ecological Economics, , pp Resource consumption and growth

Too much … Available in:

How are resources used: Portuguese metabolism

Sustainable metabolisms Producers Consumenrs Decomposers Nutrients reservoir Energy Nutrients ECONOMY METABOLISM

THE AZORES MAY LEAD GREEN DEVELOPMENT – AN OPPORTUNITY FOR A TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION BASED ON R&D AND EDUCATION THE GREEN ISLANDS PROJECT

The Green Islands Context In 2008, the Regional Government of the Azores defined a vision for the Azores to address the combined challenges of climate change mitigation, energy supply independence and security, and economic and social development challenges. The vision required a significant transformation of the regional energy system, where: – 75% of the Electricity would be produced from renewables; – 40% of Total Primary Energy would be produced from renewables; – 50% of Total Primary Energy would be used in the form of electricity. Primary Energy Electricity Production

Green Islands Research Strategy

Azores Energy Outlook: Energy Challenges and opportunities for 2018 Analysis of the 9 islands of the Azores Analysis of the energy consumption by sector and energy source Identification of existing renewable resources and electricity systems Development of scenarios for the evolution of energy demand and the electricity system

Collaboration Projects with the University of Azores Several projects with local research teams in different areas that resulted in several relevant documents – Building stock characterization in the islands – Residential electricity characterization in the islands – Local renewables dynamics (geothermal, wind, waves, solar, biomass, waste) – Car sharing, car pooling and electric vehicle penetration in the islands – Spatial demand characterization – Local population view on renewable energy policies

Hybrid modeling approach that includes renewables dynamics in planning Medium-term model Multi-year optimization of investments in renewable energies Detailed description of energy consumption: Across different sectors Different types of energy carriers Capable of understanding the evolution of the system: Economic growth Fuel prices Energy demand Short-term model Hourly optimization of electricity production for one year, taking into account: Start-up costs and efficiencies for thermal engines Variability of renewable resources Solar Wind Hydro Fuel prices Demand profiles Dynamic demand options (EVs, others) Optimization of use of energy storage systems Test feasibility of the results, one year at a time Introduction of restrictions for optimization of investments A new energy systems design approach

Determine the best combination of policies (example for Corvo)

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS

What is going on The fruitful collaboration resulted in the collaboration in projects promoted by EDA and the Regional Government – Hydro Pump Storage in São Miguel – Solar Thermal in Corvo integration with renewable – Sustainable Energy Systems in Terceira - FLAD

Solar Thermal integration in Corvo Demand response to manage solar thermal backup may act as a storage system of Renewable electricity and improve diesel plant management

Hydro Pump Storage in São Miguel A detailed feasibility study: – Hydraulic system design – Electric grid impact evaluation – System sizing – Energy system impact

R&D and regional development Azores can become a world reference for sustainable energy Flores achieves 100% of renewables for several hours throughout the year Wind parks in the region have the highest capacity factors in the world Corvo has 100% solar termal for Hot Water Using waste for electricity generation and improving geothermal – The government, the municipalities, EDA, FLAD, and the Universities continue to cooperate to solve the integration challenges and this is crucial – Many islands require inovative solutions to match the supply and demand together with energy efficiency – PARTNERSHIPS ON RESEARCH DRIVEN INOVATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH