Physical Science

What is Physical Science Physics: the science of matter and energy and their interactions – Sciences such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, – studies of matter, electricity, magnetism, sound, and light – designed to observe behaviors of physical objects

Matter Topics States of Matter Changes in state of matter Behaviors of Gasses and Fluids

Matter - anything that takes up space and has mass Four States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma » Mass - amount of matter in an object

Amorphous solids Amorphous - without a definite form – Some scientists think they should be classified as very thick liquids

Chemistry Topics Atoms Elements Chemical Bonds Acids and Bases

Thermal Expansion - matter expands as it warms, contracts as it cools As heat a substance, give more E to molecules As cool a substance, take away molecule’s E

Energy and Forces Topics Energy and Work Motion and Forces Newton’s 3 Laws

Energy-An Agent of Change When an object can change its environment, it has energy (e.g baseball breaking window) – Energy: ability to cause change (E) Two types of energy: 1.Kinetic Energy 2.Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy (KE) Kinetic energy: energy in the form of motion – E.g. spinning bicycle wheel, sprinting, flying Frisbee

Potential Energy (PE) Potential energy: stored energy

Conservation of Energy Law of conservation of energy: energy is neither created or destroyed, only changes state – As you move back and forth, energy is converted from kinetic to potential back to kinetic energy continuously – So why does the swing eventually stop?

What is work? Work: transfer of energy through motion – In order to take place, force must be exerted

Force - push or pull Balanced forces - forces on an object that are equal in size and opposite in direction – Do not change an object’s motion Unbalanced forces - force that changes the motion or position of an object – Cause it to accelerate

Motion - change in position Speed - distance traveled in a certain amount of time – Rate of motion

Newton’s First Law - object moving at a constant velocity keeps moving at that velocity until acted upon by an unbalanced force Object in motion stays in motion – E.g. Air hockey puck glided until hits wall Object at rest stays at rest – E.g. Hockey puck stays on ice until hit it Also called law of inertia Inertia - tendency of an object to resist changes in motion

Momentum - measures the amount of inertia (mass x velocity) High velocity = more momentum High mass = more momentum

Friction Friction - force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching each other Depends on: – Type of surfaces – Force pressing surfaces together

Types of Friction Sliding friction - when solids slide over each other – Strongest friction Rolling friction - when objects roll over a surface – Medium strength Fluid friction - when object moves through a fluid – Least strong

Bloom ’ s Taxonomy: Science ’ s Natural Progression