Inorganic Chemistry – Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding (1). When two or more atoms react ---  chemical bond – Valence electrons – Form Ionic bonds (ionic compounds) Molecules (covalent compounds) (2). During chemical reactions – New substances are formed with different properties are made

Ionic Bonds (1). Characteristics – Metals lose electrons to nonmetals – Ions are formed Anion and cations – (2). Strong; crystalline structure – ‘Salts’ Metals and nonmetals (3). Bond Formation – Opposite charges on ions – electrostatic attraction

Ionic Bonding Periodic Table and Bonding Periodic Table and Bonding (link)

Covalent Bonding (1). Covalent Bond Properties – Sharing of electrons Nonmetal + nonmetal (2). Form molecules  larger compounds Glucose (molecule) ---  polysaccharides (starch) Water molecules ----  water (3). Types: polar vs nonpolar – Polar vs Nonpolar

Non-Polar Molecules Electrons shared ‘equally’ between atoms No charges found on the atoms in the bond Oil

Polar Covalent Molecules Electrons shared between atoms are ‘unequally’ shared Water – Electrons are pulled closer to the oxygen (slightly negatively charged) – Electrons not as close to the hydrogen atoms (positively charged) – Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen

Water – Polar Solvent

Like dissolves like Polar dissolves polar Non-polar dissolves non-polar Polar dissolves ionic compounds

Covalent Bonding Ionic and Covalent Bonding (link) Ionic and Covalent Bonding Covalent Bonding Animation (link) Covalent Bonding Animation