3D Mammography Ernesto Coto Sören Grimm Stefan Bruckner M. Eduard Gröller Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Motivation Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women today X-Ray Mammography is currently the primary method of early detection Interpretation of Mammograms is difficult Radiologists often use CAD for prompting X-Ray Mammography

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Motivation Capability of X-ray mammography is limited by its 2D representation Other imaging modalities can obtain a full 3D representation of the breast Rendering of MRI Mammography showing cancer

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Introduction Cancer is a disease that causes cells in the body to divide and reproduce abnormally without control Cancer is a disease that causes cells in the body to divide and reproduce abnormally without control Breast cancer refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from breast cells Breast cancer refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from breast cells

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Breast Anatomy The breast has two main components: glandular tissue and connective tissue The breast has two main components: glandular tissue and connective tissue

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Suspicious Regions Calcifications are tiny calcium deposits within the breast tissue Calcifications are tiny calcium deposits within the breast tissue  Microcalcifications  Macrocalcifications Masses Masses  Solid  Liquid (Cyst)

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Doctors Questions Is there a tumor in the breast? Is there a tumor in the breast? Is the tumor benign or malignant? Is the tumor benign or malignant? Is it a mass, a cyst or a microcalcification cluster? Is it a mass, a cyst or a microcalcification cluster? What’s the location of the tumor? What’s the location of the tumor? What’s the size of the tumor? What’s the size of the tumor? How dense is the breast? How dense is the breast? What’s the extension of the cancer? What’s the extension of the cancer?

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Imaging Technologies X-Ray Mammography X-Ray Mammography Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Full-Field Digital Mammography Full-Field Digital Mammography Nuclear Imaging Nuclear Imaging Tomosynthesis Tomosynthesis Ultrasound Ultrasound X-RayMRI Ultrasound

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI A tumor is usually well vascularized due to its strong growth A tumor is usually well vascularized due to its strong growth The absorption of contrast-medium in suspicious regions is perceptible The absorption of contrast-medium in suspicious regions is perceptible Without contrast With contrast Intravenous catheter

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Study of contrast agent’s flow Type I: steady enhancement (straight or curved) Type II: plateau of signal intensity Type III: washout of signal Possible malignancy Benign lesion Strongly suggest malignancy

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Answers using DCE-MRI Is there a tumor in the breast? Is there a tumor in the breast?  Segment the contrast agent Is the tumor benign or malignant? Is the tumor benign or malignant?  Study of contrast agent’s flow  Extract features and use them to classify the tumors Is it a mass, a cyst or a microcalcification cluster? Is it a mass, a cyst or a microcalcification cluster?  Quantify segmented region(s) What’s the location of the tumor? What’s the location of the tumor?  Estimate position of tumor’s center

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Answers using DCE-MRI What’s the size of the tumor? What’s the size of the tumor?  Calculate largest tumor diameter  Calculate volume based on segmented voxels How dense is the breast? How dense is the breast?  Segment glandular tissue + quantification

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Answers using DCE-MRI What’s the extension of the cancer? What’s the extension of the cancer?  Classify as invasive or non-invasive Non-invasiveInvasive

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography CAD for DCE-MRI “Interactive Detection and Visualization of Breast Lesions Using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI Volumes“, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, Elsevier, July 2004.

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Questions

TU Wien Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms 3D Mammography Suggestions How can me make this better??? How can me make this better???