SOL 6.3 By, Janet Hooks

Almost all of the energy on Earth comes from... THE SUN The LIGHT ENERGY that is TRANSFERRED to us from the sun travels to Earth as ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

Light WAVES that come to Earth from the sun are MOSTLY visible light - light that we can see. RedRed OrangeOrange YellowYellow GreenGreen BlueBlue IndigoIndigo VioletViolet Do you remember the order of those colors? We see them as ONE color of light… WHITE LIGHT. VISIBLE LIGHT: A mixture of all the colors of light that you see in a rainbow.

RED LIGHT has the LONGEST wavelength. VIOLET LIGHT has the SHORTEST wavelength. INFRARED LIGHT has waves too long for us to see ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT has waves too short for us to see A prism can be used to separate white light into its many different wavelengths. There are some wavelengths that are too long or too short for our eyes to see.

Earth’s Radiation Budget Incoming solar radiation is in close balance with the energy that leaves Earth’s atmosphere. If this did not happen, the Earth would heat up or cool down.

How Does Air Pollution Affect Earth’s Energy Budget? Excess carbon dioxide and other gases may disrupt the balance of Earth’s radiation budget, creating a stronger greenhouse effect and making Earth’s temperatures increase. We call this global warming.

Earth receives only a very small portion of the sun’s energy. The radiation we receive is responsible for: ~ the motion of the air in the atmosphere, ~ the motion of Earth’s oceans ~ many processes at the Earth’s surface.

All parts of the the Earth are not heated equally. The part that receives the most heat is the middle of Earth, at the equator, because it is closest to the sun. It is the unequal heating of Earth’s surface that causes our weather. Equator North Pole South Pole

CONDUCTION ________ is the _______ __ ___ between objects or substances that are actually ________. The better the conductor, the faster the heat will transfer. Conductiontransfer of heat touching Good Heat Conductors: ~Copper ~Silver ~Iron ~Steel Poor Heat Conductors (called INSULATORS): ~Wood ~Styrofoam ~Paper ~Air

RADIATION When ____________ ____ _____ _____ ____ it is called ________. When the waves come in contact with an object, the waves ______ ____ to that object. Electromagnetic waves can _____ ______ ____ ____. The ___ _____ __ _____ through the _______ of electromagnetic waves. electromagnetic waves travel through space radiation transfer heat travel through empty space sun warms the earth radiation Other examples of radiation: ~ CAMPFIRE ~ MICROWAVE OVEN ~ LIGHTBULB

Convection is the up & down movement of gases & liquids caused by a difference in temperature. As a gas or liquid is heated, it warms, expands, & rises because it is less dense. As a gas or liquid cools, it contracts & falls because it is more dense. Day (Sea Breeze) Night (Land Breeze) Cooking on a stove

Other examples of convection: ~Warmer water at the surface of a lake or pool ~Wind currents ~Hot air balloon ~Lower floors of a building are cooler than the top The uneven heating of EARTH causes CONVECTION CURRENTS to form. This makes the air move (WIND). The same process occurs when you use a heater, fireplace, or furnace to heat your home.

RADIATIONCONDUCTIONCONVECTION On the next page of your notebook, draw each picture below & name which type of heat transfer is being shown.