Chapter 4 The War for Independence Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga KEY TERMS Valley Forge Trenton Saratoga Inflation Profiteering

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga British decide to stop rebellion by isolating New England 32,000 British soldiers and Hessians take New York in summer of 1776 Many colonial troops killed Washington’s army retreats to Pennsylvania

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga Battle of Trenton Christmas 1776 Washington Crosses Delaware River in NJ Surprises Hessian garrison Wins Battle of Trenton Eight days later, Americans win battle of Princeton against British

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga French secretly start sending weapons to Americans (1776) French recognize American Independence, sign treaty in 1778 vowing no peace until Britain recognizes American Independence

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga Valley Forge Continental Army of 10,000 camps there during winter of 1777-1778 During this time more than 2,000 die of cold and hunger Situation desperate

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga Need for Money Congress sells BONDS to investors & foreign governments Prints paper money called “Continentals” Inflation (rising prices for goods) Some Officials engage in “Profiteering” by selling scarce items for extreme profit – Price gouging Two patriots Morris & Salomon use own credit to borrow money to pay army

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga Civilians at War Husbands fight, women manage homes & businesses Many women cook, wash, mend clothing, provide medical care to troops Some women fight Thousands of African American Slaves escape to cities, frontier Approx 5,000 African Americans serve in Continental Army