Ch. 7, Sec. 1—The Articles of Confederation Objectives:  Know how the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to instability.  Be familiar with how Congress dealt with the western lands.

13 Independent States Americans won independence, but not much respect from Britain. Americans won independence, but not much respect from Britain. Needed to establish their own govt. to gain respect. Needed to establish their own govt. to gain respect. British believed the new govt. was weak & ineffective. British believed the new govt. was weak & ineffective. States began to organize their own govts. and adopt own state _______________. States began to organize their own govts. and adopt own state _______________. Writers wanted to prevent abuse of power of one individual and put it into hands of the people (regulated power of governor). Writers wanted to prevent abuse of power of one individual and put it into hands of the people (regulated power of governor). States divided responsibility between governor and _____________ (they were more powerful). States divided responsibility between governor and _____________ (they were more powerful). Most states had a ___________ legislature (= 2 houses). Most states had a ___________ legislature (= 2 houses). Leg. were elected by people—elections held frequently. Leg. were elected by people—elections held frequently. Most states: only white males over ____ yrs. old could vote... Also had to be property owners or pay certain amount of taxes. Most states: only white males over ____ yrs. old could vote... Also had to be property owners or pay certain amount of taxes. Some states, free African American males could vote. Some states, free African American males could vote.

Forming a Republic Felt establishing separate state govts. was easier than creating central govt. Felt establishing separate state govts. was easier than creating central govt. Americans agreed that country should be a _________. Americans agreed that country should be a _________. Republic--_____________________________________________. Could not agree on the origin and powers of new republic. Could not agree on the origin and powers of new republic. First, Americans favored weak central govt. First, Americans favored weak central govt. Power given to states to function independently, except for: Power given to states to function independently, except for: 1. Power to wage _________. 2. Handle relations w/other countries. 1777—Second Cont. Congress adopted the _________ 1777—Second Cont. Congress adopted the _____________________________. Provided central govt. to fight war against Britain (America’s first Constitution). Provided central govt. to fight war against Britain (America’s first Constitution). States gave up little power—Articles set up a “league of friendship”. States gave up little power—Articles set up a “league of friendship”. March 1, 1781—Confederation formally became govt. of U.S. March 1, 1781—Confederation formally became govt. of U.S.

New Land Policies AOC included no policies for adding new states. AOC included no policies for adding new states. When Revolution began, only few thousand white settlers lived west of App. Mtns. When Revolution began, only few thousand white settlers lived west of App. Mtns. By 1790’s, numbers increased to almost 120,000. By 1790’s, numbers increased to almost 120,000. Congress needed to extend authority to provide order and stability. Congress needed to extend authority to provide order and stability. 1785—Congress passed___________ of —Congress passed___________ of Allowed for surveying/selling western lands north of the Ohio River. Allowed for surveying/selling western lands north of the Ohio River. Divided Western territories into large townships and smaller sections. Divided Western territories into large townships and smaller sections. Each small section of a township would be auction for at least $___ an acre! Each small section of a township would be auction for at least $___ an acre! Land speculators could get large amounts of land for little $$$. Land speculators could get large amounts of land for little $$$

Northwest Territory _________________ __________ passed! _________________ __________ passed! Created single Northwest Territory of lands north of Ohio River and east of Miss. River. Created single Northwest Territory of lands north of Ohio River and east of Miss. River. Divided into 3-5 smaller territories. Divided into 3-5 smaller territories. Pop. reached 60,000, territory could apply for statehood. Pop. reached 60,000, territory could apply for statehood. Would enter in as an equal to original 13 states. Would enter in as an equal to original 13 states. Included a bill of rights to protect settlers by guaranteeing them freedom of _________ and trial by ________. Included a bill of rights to protect settlers by guaranteeing them freedom of _________ and trial by ________. No slavery permitted!!! No slavery permitted!!!

Trouble on Two Fronts Confederate govt. amounted large debt b/c of war and had problems w/Britain & Spain over landholdings & trade. Confederate govt. amounted large debt b/c of war and had problems w/Britain & Spain over landholdings & trade. Owed soldiers wages & foreign countries. Owed soldiers wages & foreign countries. Congress had no power to ______, so no way to raise revenue. Congress had no power to ______, so no way to raise revenue. Paper money from Rev. War was almost worthless. Paper money from Rev. War was almost worthless. B/C no power to tax, Congress issued more paper money. B/C no power to tax, Congress issued more paper money. So many bills in circulation, value of $$$ fell. So many bills in circulation, value of $$$ fell. There was no ________ or ________ to back the bills. There was no ________ or ________ to back the bills. To help solve financial problems, Robert ________ started department of finance. To help solve financial problems, Robert ________ started department of finance. Suggested a plan calling for a 5% tax on all ____________ goods. Suggested a plan calling for a 5% tax on all ____________ goods. The measure did not pass. The measure did not pass. Britain blocked Americans out of W. Indies & other profitable markets. Britain blocked Americans out of W. Indies & other profitable markets. Spain closed lower ____________ River to U.S. shipping to prevent expansion into their territory. Spain closed lower ____________ River to U.S. shipping to prevent expansion into their territory.