1. Survey- obtain information by asking many individuals to answer a fixed set of questions 2. Case Study- an in depth analysis of the of a single individual.

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1. Survey- obtain information by asking many individuals to answer a fixed set of questions 2. Case Study- an in depth analysis of the of a single individual or group 3. Experiment- method for identifying cause and effect relationships by following a set of rules and guidelines to minimize errors

 Advantages  Quick and efficient way to collect information  Compare ethnic, age, socioeconomic groups  Disadvantages  How the question is worded can alter the answers.  Who asks the question can also change the answer

 Advantages  Gives detailed description of a specific situation  Disadvantages  May be misconstrued if observer has preconceived ideas  Great potential for bias Testimonial- an individual talks about their own experiences

 Interview- ask questions, one on one setting about a person’s attitudes and behaviors  Questionnaire- asking subjects to read list of written questions and check off specific answers

 A test that has been given to hundreds of people and shown to measure emotions, behaviors, thought patterns and personality traits  Used to gather information from large groups of people  Used to compare different groups of people

 Used to gather information on the brain, genes or behavior  Has lowest possibility for error or bias  Use controlled environment for careful observation and measurement.

 Placebo – intervention (pills or other medical treatments)  no medical effect  university and hospital research  Placebo effect – change in the illness attributed to the imagined treatment

 Used to examine or manipulate a behavioral, genetic, or physiological factor that is similar to a human problem or condition.

 Naturalistic  Subject in their natural environment  Children, animals, social psychology  Observing without changing or controlling the situation  Humans and animals  Laboratory  Controlled conditions  Real world influences eliminated  Artificial environment

 Seven Rules  Ask  Identify  Choose  Assign  Manipulate  Measure  Analyze

 Develop main questions about what you are trying to figure out  Hypothesis- an educated guess about a subject

 Independent Variable - researcher controls or manipulates (new medication for children)  Dependent Variable - behavior of subject use (behavior of children)

 Pick subjects for the experiment  Random Selection - each subject in a population has an equal chance of being selected

 Experimental group - the group of subjects receiving the independent variable  treatment  Control Group - group of subjects that does everything the experimental group does except does not receive the independent variable  no treatment

 Manipulate independent variable  Ex: administer treatment  Double Blind Procedure - neither the subjects nor the researchers know which group is receiving the treatment

 In this step the researcher measures and observes how the independent variable affected the dependent variable

 Compare and analyze differences in data