Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi WATER SCENARIO IN JHARKHAND Centre for Science and Environment New Delhi

Area – 79,714 sq km Population million (Growth rate is per cent) Urban million (21 percent) –152 towns –39,386 average population Rural million (79 per cent) –32,615 villages –642 average population JHARKHAND: AT A GLANCE

Annual average rainfall 1400 mm Water harvesting potential = 112 TMC (Area x amount of rainfall = volume of water received) WATER RESOURCES

16 river basins Total replenishable groundwater resources in 1998 was million hectares metres per year Provision for domestic, industrial and other uses mhm/year Available groundwater resource for irrigation mhm/year (net) Groundwater extraction mhm/year (net draft) Balance Ground Water Resources for Future Use in net terms mhm/year WATER RESOURCES

Fresh water sources Ponds and tanks – 29,335 ( hectares) Reservoirs – 106 ( ha) Low lying areas – 1038 ha Traditional water harvesting systems - Ahar WATER RESOURCES INFERENCE: WATER IN ABUNDANCE

REALITY?

WATER PROBLEMS!! 90 – 95 per cent of the rainfall is wasted as untapped runoff Depleting groundwater 22 districts – the entire state were affected by drought in 2002 Floods affected 150,000 lives 113 blocks of 13 districts - drought conditions prevailed in 2003 Surface and groundwater contamination (biological, heavy metals – fluoride, manganese, nickel and sulphate)

 100 mm of rain captured on 1 hectare of land gives you, believe it or not, one million litres of water mm of rain on 1 hectare 14 million litres of water Jharkhand = 1400 mm rainfall in 79,714 sq km = 112 TMC (50 per cent being harvested 56 TMC or litres Urban = TMC ; Rural = 43.5 TMC RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL

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