Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors Dr. Joachim Bock Nexans SuperConductors D Huerth Design, manufacturing and testing of robust HTS elements based on BSCCO 2212 bifilar coils for use in a 10-MVA fault current limiter 0 -Problem and Motivation 1 - Principle 2 -Application Cases 3 -German Project 10 kV / 10 MVA 4 -Conclusions / Benefits Design, manufacturing and testing of robust HTS elements based on BSCCO 2212 bifilar coils for use in a 10-MVA fault current limiter 0 -Problem and Motivation 1 - Principle 2 -Application Cases 3 -German Project 10 kV / 10 MVA 4 -Conclusions / Benefits

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 2 Growing demand for electrical energy and deregulation more through-wiring and transfer more grid couplings Increase of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and utility restructuring Distributed Generation (DG) emergence Integration of low loss low impedance HTS cables in existing networks Problem and Motivation Increased risk for short circuit currents additional grid components over-dimensioning of grid components

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 3 Principle of superconducting Fault Current Limiting Intrinsic needs no trigger-signal fail safe Fast limitation already in the first front of the current Smooth avoids over-voltages Self-recovering after short duration ready for the next event Low impedance during normal operation no problems with reactive power no voltage drop Intrinsic needs no trigger-signal fail safe Fast limitation already in the first front of the current Smooth avoids over-voltages Self-recovering after short duration ready for the next event Low impedance during normal operation no problems with reactive power no voltage drop I [A] U [V] 1 µV / cm Ic

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 4 G 10-kV-grid FCL 110 kV MVA 10 kV G FCL MVA S sclim = 250 MVA Application case: Embedded Generation New generation facilities increase short circuit power enabling of direct feeding supply New generation facilities increase short circuit power enabling of direct feeding supply

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors kV subgrid A 110 kV subgrid B 220 kV 380 kV FCL I r ~ 1500 A Application case: 110 kV grid coupling Better use of existing grids less consumption of landscape! Better use of existing grids less consumption of landscape!

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 6 German BMBF-Project Curl 10 Partners:Roles: ACCEL Instruments GmbHsystem development, projectleader ACCESS e.V.simulation Adelwitz GmbHmaterial development YBCO Nexans SuperConductors GmbH material development MCP BSCCO 2212 EUS GmbHelectrical net simulation FZ Karlsruhecharacterization, tests E.ONspecification RWE Energie AG demonstrator test VDI-Phys. Technologiezentrum project sponsor Objectives of Curl 10: Operation current: 600 A Voltage (3 phases): 10 kV Power (3 phases): 10 MVA Limitation time: 40 ms Max. allowed peak current: 8.75 kA (5 ms) Objectives of Curl 10: Operation current: 600 A Voltage (3 phases): 10 kV Power (3 phases): 10 MVA Limitation time: 40 ms Max. allowed peak current: 8.75 kA (5 ms) Two material options YBCO, Adelwitz BSCCO 2212, Nexans

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 7 Form parts from NSC being used in commercially available industrial magnet systems Nexans Bulk Parts are: Inorganic ceramics (Bi-Sr-Ca- Cu-O) Available in a large variety of shapes and sizes Ready for assembling in electrical devices, system components or magnets Characteristics: rigid el. conductors easy machining high current carrying capacities (100A - 12kA) low thermal conductivity Melt in rotating mould Annealing at °C Melt Cast Processed BSCCO 2212 Bulk Parts for direct system integration

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 8 Nexans Current Leads enabled first application of HTS in electrical engineering Bi-2212 for commercial use in current leads since 1995 IGC (SMES-system) Oxford (“dry“ magnet) ACCEL (SMES-system) Fuji Electric (SMES-system) General Atomics (Current Controller) Todays Use of HTS Bulk Materials

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 9 MCP Bi-2212 bifilar coil, 540cm Development of HTS elements for FCL first time (9‘2001) successful quench test at full HTS-element (540cm) HTS Shunt Solder current hot spot Ic = 800 A Jc = 3500 A/cm²

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 10 MCP BSCCO-2212 limitation behaviour at T = 77K

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 11 Three module short-circuit test Test at FGH Engineering & Test facility Fault current of 10 kA (18.8 kA) reduced to 6.6 kA (7.7 kA) Voltage650 V RMS Current600 A RMS Fault limitation40 ms RT-resistance360 m  Electrical field0.56 V/cm ip/In~ 9 symmetrical asymmetrical

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 12 Only Nexans MCP BSCCO-2212 bifilar coils have reached all project specifications (competitor material failed) Successful short-circuit test of three bifilar coils (400 kVA model) A high resistive metallic shunt was successfully integrated Important Milestones of BMBF project CURL Feasibility demonstrated Successful test of small samples MCP BSCCO Successful test of BSCCO bifilar coil Successful 0.4 MVA test (Three BSCCO bifilar coils) MVA test, including chopped lightning impulse test (75 kV) MVA prototype test, field test Project status 12

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 13 HTS-element for an FCL Cryostat for 3 phases 10 kV / 10 MVA FCL Demonstrator Application in busbar coupling Voltage: 10 kV Current: 600 A Fault limitation: 60 ms Application in busbar coupling Voltage: 10 kV Current: 600 A Fault limitation: 60 ms

Bock_DE_Session1_Block1_Question3 Barcelona May 2003 Nexans SuperConductors 14 cost reduction for substations and equipment due to lower short-circuit currents withstand to short-circuit currents in older substations (e.g. substation extension) longer lifetime of substations and equipment less damage at the short-circuit location high degree of intermeshing accommodation of new generation facilities increase of system reliability and integrity Benefits of superconducting FCL´s Interactive Forum: Poster Exhibition Samples Interactive Forum: Poster Exhibition Samples