Palace of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles The “Big Four” (aka “Council of Four”) USA- Pres. Woodrow Wilson USA- Pres. Woodrow Wilson Italy- PM Vittorio Orlando Italy- PM Vittorio Orlando Great Britain- PM David Lloyd George Great Britain- PM David Lloyd George France- PM Georges Clemenceau France- PM Georges Clemenceau Japan was apart of the negotiations on behalf of Asia. Central Powers and Soviet Union not invited.

Cruel Intentions Nations want to create a lasting peace but differ on how to accomplish this. Nations want to create a lasting peace but differ on how to accomplish this. Two approaches: “hard” line of the French, and the “soft” line of the US Two approaches: “hard” line of the French, and the “soft” line of the US Italians for the most part agreed with the French Italians for the most part agreed with the French The British switched between the two sides The British switched between the two sides Clemenceau (believed Germany as sole source of worldwide aggression) Clemenceau (believed Germany as sole source of worldwide aggression) Thought Germany needed to be weakened to the point where it no longer would be a threat to France Thought Germany needed to be weakened to the point where it no longer would be a threat to France This would be accomplished through a demilitarized Germany This would be accomplished through a demilitarized Germany Maintenance of British naval blockade Maintenance of British naval blockade This would prevent much needed food into Germany where people were starving thus forcing them into signing. This would prevent much needed food into Germany where people were starving thus forcing them into signing.

Cruel Intentions Wilson Wilson Believed the causes of WWI were flaws within regulation of relations between states Believed the causes of WWI were flaws within regulation of relations between states Secret diplomacy Secret diplomacy Frustrated desire to national statehood Frustrated desire to national statehood The absence of an international body to help solve any issues The absence of an international body to help solve any issues

14 Points Germany signed an armistice based on Wilson’s “14 Points” Germany signed an armistice based on Wilson’s “14 Points” The French, Italians, and British did not care much for the Points. The French, Italians, and British did not care much for the Points. The fear of the French, Italians, and British was a US only signed treaty with Germany without them. The fear of the French, Italians, and British was a US only signed treaty with Germany without them. The “14 Points” were not used in the negotiations as much as Wilson or the Germans wanted. The “14 Points” were not used in the negotiations as much as Wilson or the Germans wanted. Germans could claim they were tricked into signing a treaty. Germans could claim they were tricked into signing a treaty.

Terms of Treaty Three Headings for signed treaty as is pertains to Germany: Three Headings for signed treaty as is pertains to Germany: 1. Territory 2. Military 3. Reparations Take a moment to look through the reading and write down the terms of the agreement. What would happen if the Germans did not agree with the terms?

What happened to these nations? Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Serbia Serbia Czechs and Slovaks Czechs and Slovaks Poland Poland Romania Romania Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

Creation of the League Wilson wanted the League real bad. Wilson wanted the League real bad. Clemenceau used this desire against Wilson. Clemenceau used this desire against Wilson. What was the purpose of the League? How was the League set up? (what did it consist of?)

US Reaction Answer the following on how the US gov’t reacted to the peace Answer the following on how the US gov’t reacted to the peace What problems did Wilson create during the mid- term elections of 1918? What problems did Wilson create during the mid- term elections of 1918? Why were Republicans so upset with Wilson? Why were Republicans so upset with Wilson? What were most Republicans afraid the League would do to US sovereignty? What were most Republicans afraid the League would do to US sovereignty? How did the Republicans block US involvement in the League? How did the Republicans block US involvement in the League?

US Reaction What did Wilson change upon his arrival back in Paris to appease the Republicans? What did Wilson change upon his arrival back in Paris to appease the Republicans? 7/10/1919 7/10/1919 Treaty is put in front of the Senate for ratification Treaty is put in front of the Senate for ratification Four major groups in Senate-what did each want? Four major groups in Senate-what did each want? 1. Irreconcilables 2. Mild Reservationists 3. Strong Reservationists 4. Supporters What was the role of Henry Cabot Lodge? How did his relationship with Wilson affect the outcome? What was the role of Henry Cabot Lodge? How did his relationship with Wilson affect the outcome?

US Reaction Another factor in destruction of Treaty in US Senate Another factor in destruction of Treaty in US Senate Wilson’s health-explain Wilson’s health-explain How did the election of 1920 pan out? How did the election of 1920 pan out?Classwork Read the rest of the packet on the Consequences of WWI. What are the main ideas of the reading? Explain.