World War I Götterdämmerung. I. Goodbye to All That Causes of the Great War Imperialism Arms race Alliance system Nationalism Robert Graves.

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Presentation transcript:

World War I Götterdämmerung

I. Goodbye to All That Causes of the Great War Imperialism Arms race Alliance system Nationalism Robert Graves

A. Imperial Rivalries Scramble for Africa Treaty Ports

B. The Arms Race 1. Mobilization & diplomacy

C. The Alliance System 1.(Im)balance of power 1894, Franco-Russian Alliance 1904, Entente-Cordiale “Kaiser Bill”

D. National self-determination 1.Pan-Slavism

2. Assassination in Sarajevo, June 1914 Gavrilo Princip

II. The Guns of August

A. The War Europe Expected 1. Industrialized war

2. Romantics go to war revanche! nach Paris!

3. Rapid mobilization Schlieffen Plan

B. The War Europe Got 1.(1 st ) Battle of the Marne Sept 1914

Trench warfare

2. “They shall not pass” Verdun (1916) = 700,000 The Somme (1916) = 600,000

C. “War of the worlds” 1.Monster machines

2. Paths of Glory (?)

D. Crisis in leadership 1. Political leadership Gallipoli Battle of Jutland

2. French Army Mutiny The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave Awaits alike th' inevitable hour: - The paths of glory lead but to the grave.

III. Total War

A. Propaganda 1. Recruitment

2. Women

B. War on civilians 1.The Rape of Belgium Edith Cavell

2. Unrestricted submarine warfare 1915, Lusitania neutral rights

C. War on dissent 1.Profiteering 2.Socialist critique V. I. Lenin

suppression of labor Lloyd George and Clemenceau Sedition Act, 1917 Eugene Debs Irish Easter Rebellion, 1916 I know that I shall meet my fate Somewhere among the clouds above. Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love. W.B. Yeats

D. Rebellion 1.Bolshevism 2. Balfour Declaration, Lawrence of Arabia

Impact of Total War Erosion of liberalism Totalitarianism/complacence Non-Western nationalism

IV. The Aftermath A Lost Generation

A Revolution/fatigue 2.Final gamble

B. American involvement 1. U.S. investment 2. U.S. debate W. J. Bryan

3. Zimmerman Telegram

C. The Progressives’ War 1. U.S. reform Points “Make the world safe for democracy” Woodrow Wilson

D Ludendorff Offensive ( March) Ferdinand Foch 2. German food riots

3. Wilhelm II abdicates (November) 4. Ludendorff / Hindenburg November Criminals

D. Treaty of Versailles (1919) 1. Diktat - responsibility / reparations 2. League of Nations 3. Reorganized empires - mandates

E.Tragedy at Versailles Britain, France not interested in progressive war aims - disillusionment w/ “democracy” US Senate fails to ratify treaty - return to near-isolationism League of Nations too weak to: - contend with Bolshevism in the East - establish new balance of power - rebuild Europe