DNA and RNA The Molecule of Life: DNA and RNA. DNA vs. RNA Summary DNARNA By comparison they both have: Sugar phosphate background Nitrogenous bases By.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
A. There are three key differences between RNA and DNA 1. RNA is single stranded : DNA is double stranded 2. RNA is made of the sugar Ribose – DNA is.
Advertisements

The Structure of RNA RiboNucleic Acid
Chapter 11 DNA and Genes. Proteins Form structures and control chemical reactions in cells. Polymers of amino acids. Coded for by specific sequences of.
Q2 WK8 D3 & 4. How does DNA’s message travel OUT of the nucleus and INTO THE CELL, where the message gets expressed as a protein??? This is known as…
DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis (12.3) State Standards 2A. Distinguish between DNA and RNA. 2B. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular.
Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code It is a universal code. The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically.
Section 11-2 From DNA to Proteins.  Enzymes control all the chemical reactions of an organism  Thus, by encoding the instructions form making proteins,
RNA. ________ are coded DNA instructions that control the ___________ of proteins. Genetic ______________ can be decoded by copying part of the ___________.
RNA & Protein Synthesis.
DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.
RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.
Chapter 12 Making Proteins. Differences between RNA and DNA DNA = double strand; RNA = single strand RNA contains Ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA uses.
How Genes Work. Structure of DNA DNA is composed of subunits – nucleotides Three parts Deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar) Phosphate group Nitrogen base – 2.
Chapter From DNA to Protein.
Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
3 types:  mRNA – used in transcription  tRNA – used in translation  rRNA – makes up ribosomes Composed of nucleotides  5 carbon sugar = ribose  phosphate.
One gene=one protein RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genetic Code -Universal All living organisms have the same four nucleotides- A, C, T, & G Central Dogma:
12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
DNA to Protein Transcription & Translation.  What are these nucleotides telling us?  Sequence of nucleotides in DNA contains information to produce.
Notes for DNA & RNA. DNARNA Double stranded Single stranded Uses the base T Uses the base U Sugar is deoxyribose Sugar is ribose.
RNA. What is RNA?  RNA stands for Ribonucleic acid  Made up of ribose  Nitrogenous bases  And a phosphate group  The code used for making proteins.
RNA Ribonucleic Acid –R- Ribo –N- Nucleic –A- Acid.
DNA Transcription & Protein Translation. DNA Transcription DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus mRNA travels from nucleus to the.
CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Structure and function of RNA.
RNA, Transcription, Translation
Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.
Protein Synthesis. Review…  DNA:  Found in the nucleus  Double stranded  Contains the instructions for controlling the cell (including instructions.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Review. Cell organelle where ______________ proteins are made Copying DNA _________________ G roup of 3 nucleotides _____________ in.
Do you know what this is?. DNA Stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid It is a long molecule called a polymer Shape: double helix.
 Ribonucleic Acid  Macromolecule made of nucleotides from DNA  Used to build proteins  Made in nucleus  3 types total.
Chapter 12-3: RNA & Protein Synthesis Essential Questions:  What are 3 types of RNA?  What is the function of 3 types of RNA?  What happens during transcription?
Warm-Up 10/28 What are some major differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter How are proteins made? In molecular terms, genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of.
Molecules to Eye Color DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis.
Protein Synthesis Making Proteins from DNA. DNA & the Nucleus DNA cannot leave the nucleus! So how can we get the information for making proteins out.
From DNA to Protein. DNA Review Nucleic acid Double helix Two strands of nucleotides Phosphate-sugar backbone Nitrogenous base steps Adenine Guanine Cytosine.
DNA and RNA. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Genetic code of life Located inside the nucleus NEVER leaves the nucleus Double Stranded Shape of DNA is a double.
Molecules to Eye Color DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis.
Chapter 12.3 DNA, RNA and Protein DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics Central Dogma  RNA - Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil,
Notes: Transcription DNA vs. RNA
RiboNucleic Acid-RNA RNA is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis
What is a genome? The complete set of genetic instructions (DNA sequence) of a species.
Protein Synthesis.
(3) Gene Expression Gene Expression (A) What is Gene Expression?
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
How to Make a Protein?.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis.
CH 11: DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Notes – Protein Synthesis: Transcription
Transcription and Translation
Analyze the process of DNA replication.
RNA and Transcription DNA RNA PROTEIN.
RNA is a nucleic acid made of linked nucleotides.
RNA: Structures and Functions
Types of RNA.
Transcription/ Translation Notes 16-17
RNA is a nucleic acid made of linked nucleotides.
DNA vs. RNA.
DNA Replication Living Environment 2015.
Protein Synthesis.
RNA: another nucleic acid
Transcription and Translation
Protein Synthesis.
Protein Synthesis.
Outline 12-3A RNA Ribonucleic Acid
Presentation transcript:

DNA and RNA The Molecule of Life: DNA and RNA

DNA vs. RNA Summary DNARNA By comparison they both have: Sugar phosphate background Nitrogenous bases By contrast each has: Double strand, double helix Single strand and various shapes (3) Deoxyribose sugarRibose sugar A=T and C=GA=U and C=G Stay in the nucleusNucleus and cytoplasm

Different 5 – C sugar: Deoxyribose (DNA) and Ribose (RNA)

Thymine (DNA) and Uracil (RNA) Thymine versus Uracil Thymine in DNA is replaced by Uracil in RNA

vs DNA RNA

Ribonucleic Acid Types (p ) There are several types. We will focus on the main 3 types: rRNA: large, makes up structure of ribosomes. - Large globular structure, forms structure with proteins to form ribosome tRNA: smaller, contains amino acid to match code of mRNA. Compact 3-D structure mRNA: single strand, provides complementary code from DNA for protein - Single strand may fold back on itself to form H-bonds

rRNA rRNA: Ribosomal ribonucleic acid Located in ribosomes Provides the site on the ribosome where the protein is assembled

rRNA Structure This big “globular” structure is the structure for the ribosome all spread out. A smaller “glob” provides the second part of the ribosome structure.

Ribosome: rRNA

tRNA tRNA: Transfer ribonucleic acid In humans, more than 40 different tRNA float freely in the cytoplasm, float to ribosome for protein synthesis Each tRNA is connected to a different amino acid Function: to place the correct amino acid in a protein sequence

tRNA Structure Specific regions: 3’ end is AMINO ACID site Anticodon is complementary to mRNA codon (code)

tRNA detail Typically 75 nucleotides long, twisted into a tertiary structure (3-D) Specific in function to translation of mRNA into protein amino acid sequencing

tRNA detail Anticodon: three nucleotide sequence that correlates to a specific amino acid that is attached to its 3’end (amazing isn’t it!) Anticodon complements the mRNA three nucleotide sequence called the codon.

mRNA mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid Long single strand of RNA that has the coded complement from the DNA. Can fold back to form H-bonds with itself Brings the code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, specifically to ribosomes.

mRNA from DNA – Transcription DNA molecule is opened at a specific gene site mRNA is assembled complementary to one DNA strand When coding is complete, it detaches and floats to the ribosome DNA re-fits itself. Key enzyme: RNA Polymerase

mRNA formed at TRANSCRIPTION

Summary: 3 Main RNA Forms

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.