Chemical compounds in living systems

 70 – 90% water  Remaining 10% are Carbon based compounds Other essential elements included in these compounds???? H, O, N, S, P  Where does all the Carbon to make these compounds originate?

 Tetravalent  Form both chains & rings  Form double & triple bonds

 Hydrophobic (nonpolar) Insoluble in water  Major component of fossil fuels  Living systems  Lipids  What do petroleum products & fats have in common???

 Same molecular formula, different structure  # possible isomers increase as size of the C chain increases

 Different arrangement of atoms

 Different arrangement around inflexible = bonds

 Mirror-images – many implication in drug interactions

 Convert hydrocarbon chain into another organic compound by removing a Hydrogen & adding a functional group

 - OH  Polar  Soluble (more OH’s, more soluble)

 Aldehyde Attach to 1 st or last C  Ketone Attach to middle C  Polar (soluble)  Source of attachment for H bonds

 -COOH  Acids – give sour taste

 -NH 2  Base  Indicator for proteins

 -SH  Strong odors (garlic) – added to gases  Stabilize protein structure

 C-O-C  Slightly polar, capable of H bonds  Common link w/in carbohydrates & lipids

 Used in energy transfer  ADP  ATP  Structural component of DNA

 Monomer – single unit (building block)  Polymer – large molecule of similar repeating units  Methane  Ethane  Butane (1 C) (2 C) (3 C)