South-South Migration United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) New York, 29 November 2011 Pablo Lattes Migration Section Population Division - DESA United Nations

What is south-south migration? Definitions of ‘south’ and what countries are part of it? Time – recent migration flows versus long term stock of migrants? And how about the second generation? Measurement errors – how do we measure circular or short term migration if censuses are the only source of data for many countries? Free or forced – should we distinguish between free and forced migration when talking about south-south migration? Regular / irregular – do we count all migrants or only those in a regular situation. Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Origin of migrants – data limitations Migrants are generally reported by country of destination Partial list of countries listed as origin Origin of migration changing with time Difficult to show trends due to lack of data The Migration Section of the Population Division is currently working on a set of estimates Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Definition of ‘south’ (Population Division – DESA) ‘South’ refers to the less developed regions which comprise all regions of Africa, Asia (excluding Japan) and Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The ‘North” or more developed regions comprise all regions of Europe plus Northern America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

South/North split according to different agencies / organisations Population Division (development level) More developed regions (60%) Less developed regions (40%) World Bank (income) High income (62%) Middle and low income (38%) UNDP (HDI - Human Development Index) Very high (HDI.9 and above) (56%) High, medium, low (HID <.9) (44%) Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Distribution of migrants by development level ( ) Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Regional migration matrix 2010 (thousands) Receiving regions AfricaAsiaEuropeLACN. A.Oceania 213,944 19,263 61,324 69,819 7,480 50,042 6,015 Sending regions Africa 31,447 17,171 4,459 7, , Asia 83, ,213 18, ,861 1,946 Europe 60,702 1,361 7,602 38,504 1,518 9,101 2,618 Latin America and the Caribbean 33, ,092 4,621 23, Northern America 3, , Oceania 1, Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Regional migration matrix 2010 (thousands) Receiving regions TotalAfricaAsiaEuropeLACN. A.Oceania Total 213,944 19,263 61,324 69,819 7,480 50,042 6,015 Sending regions Africa 31,447 17,171 4,459 7, , Asia 83, ,213 18, ,861 1,946 Europe 60,702 1,361 7,602 38,504 1,518 9,101 2,618 Latin America and the Caribbean 33, ,092 4,621 23, Northern America 3, , Oceania 1, Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Regional migration matrix 2010 (thousands) Receiving regions TotalAfricaAsiaEuropeLACN. A.Oceania Total 213,944 19,263 61,324 69,819 7,480 50,042 6,015 Sending regions Africa 31,447 17,171 4,459 7, , Asia 83, ,213 18, ,861 1,946 Europe 60,702 1,361 7,602 38,504 1,518 9,101 2,618 Latin America and the Caribbean 33, ,092 4,621 23, Northern America 3, , Oceania 1, Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Regional migration matrix 2010 (thousands) Receiving regions TotalAfricaAsiaEuropeLACN. A.Oceania Total 213,944 19,263 61,324 69,819 7,480 50,042 6,015 Sending regions Africa 31,447 17,171 4,459 7, , Asia 83, ,213 18, ,861 1,946 Europe 60,702 1,361 7,602 38,504 1,518 9,101 2,618 Latin America and the Caribbean 33, ,092 4,621 23, Northern America 3, , Oceania 1, Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Regional migration matrix 2010 (thousands) Receiving regions TotalAfricaAsiaEuropeLACN. A.Oceania Total 213,944 19,263 61,324 69,819 7,480 50,042 6,015 Sending regions Africa 31,447 17,171 4,459 7, , Asia 83, ,213 18, ,861 1,946 Europe 60,702 1,361 7,602 38,504 1,518 9,101 2,618 Latin America and the Caribbean 33, ,092 4,621 23, Northern America 3, , Oceania 1, Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Regional migration matrix 2010 (thousands) Receiving regions TotalAfricaAsiaEuropeLACN. A.Oceania Total 213,944 19,263 61,324 69,819 7,480 50,042 6,015 Sending regions Africa 31,447 17,171 4,459 7, , Asia 83, ,213 18, ,861 1,946 Europe 60,702 1,361 7,602 38,504 1,518 9,101 2,618 Latin America and the Caribbean 33, ,092 4,621 23, Northern America 3, , Oceania 1, Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Regional migration matrix 2010 (thousands) Receiving regions TotalAfricaAsiaEuropeLACN. A.Oceania Total 213,944 19,263 61,324 69,819 7,480 50,042 6,015 Sending regions Africa 31,447 17,171 4,459 7, , Asia 83, ,213 18, ,861 1,946 Europe 60,702 1,361 7,602 38,504 1,518 9,101 2,618 Latin America and the Caribbean 33, ,092 4,621 23, Northern America 3, , Oceania 1, Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

People on the move Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Migrant stock North (60%) million South (40%) 86.2 million

Age of migrants and length of stay

Distribution of migrant inflows by age to selected countries in Europe Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Age distribution of stocks Less developed regions: -Age distribution similar to age distribution of inflows. -No increase for 60+ More developed regions: -Older age distribution very different to age distribution of flows. -Large increase for 60+