India & China Establish Empires

India Geography –The physical & location were important to the development of Indian Civilization Physical Barriers: Himalayas, Hindu Kush,& Indian Ocean made it difficult to invaded Mountain Passes in the Hindus Kush provided invasion routes into the Indian subcontinent Indus and Ganges were the most important rivers in the Indian subcontinent.

Hindu Kush Mts

Himalayas Mtns

Indo-Aryan Aryans ( Indo-Aryans) –Migrated from Asia Minor –Assertion of dominance in India –Created a rigid caste system (hereditary) Influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations Blending of native beliefs

Mauryan Empire 300 B.C.E. to 185 B.C.E. United most of India Continued political unification of much of India Emperor Asoka –Spread Buddhism throughout Asia Contributions –Spread of Buddhism - Free Hospital –Veterinary clinics - Good roads

Gupta Empire 320 B.C.E to 550 (C.E.) AD The Golden Age of Classical India –Peace and Prosperity –Contributions: –Mathematics: most advance in the world »Modern numbers: zero, decimal system –Astronomy: Helped with trading ships positions »Concept of earth as round –Founded a calendar based on the sun: adopted 7 day week and divided up the day into hours –Medicine: surgery, setting bones plastic surgery, –New Textiles –literature

Contributions of India The Spread of Trade India was rich in precious resources: –Spices, gold, and diamonds Trade routes: –Silk Road cross Asia into Mediterranean basin –Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean to Arabian Effects of Indian Trade –Lead to Banking –Spread religions to new regions Asoka spread Buddhism

Hinduism Characteristics: –Caste system in religious law based on occupation –Belief in many forms of one major deity –Reincarnation: cycles of rebirth –Vedas & Upanishands Sacred writings –Spread along major international trade routes hinduism

Hinduism Karma: Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences

Buddhism Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) Buddha “the Enlightened One” Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path to Enlightenment Reincarnation Rejected the caste system ***Asoka’s missionaries and their writing spread Buddhism form India to China and other parts of Asia

China Why was the Great Wall of China Built? –Migratory invader raided the Chinese settlements form the North. –Built as a line of Defense against Invaders. –Built by Qin Shi Huangdi Government: –Succession of ruling families (Dynasties) –Chinese rulers were considered divine –Severed under the “MANDATE FROM HEAVEN” as long as their rule was just>**********

Great Wall of China

Great Wall

Contributions Civil Service System Paper Porcelain Silk: Silk Road facilitate trade and contract with China and other cultures Confucianism and Taoism

Confucianism Contributed to the social order in China Belief that humans are good, not bad Respect for elders Code of politeness, still used in China today Emphasis on education Ancestor worship

Taosim Formed Chinese Culture and Values –Humility –Simple life and inner peace –Harmony and inner peace with nature

Others Yin/Yang: represented opposites for Confucianism and Taoism Chinese forms of Buddhism spread throughout Asia