Human Prehistory to Early Civilization & Classical China and India Presented by: Carmen Phu and Sharon Pearlnath

Paleolithic vs Neolithic ●Lifestyle: sedentary ●Governance: military and religious leaders ●Economy: ownership for land, livestock, tools ●Tools: polished stone tools ●Achievements: agriculture and tools with polished stones ● Lifestyle: nomadic ● Governance: tribal society ● Economy: no concept of private property ● Tools: chipped stone tools and wooden weapons ● Achievements: fire and rough stone tools

Acient Civilizations

Mesopotamia Location ● Tigris River ● Euphrates River Cities(to remember) ● Babylon ● Ur Government ● ruled by priest at first ● kings ruled later Social Class ● Upper Class, Middle Class, Lower Class Religion ●Polytheism Writing System ●cuneiform

Indus River Valley Location ● Indus River ● Today Pakistan cities ● Mohenjio-Daro ● Harappa ● Both had fertile flood plains Achievements ● plastic surgery ● wells and bathrooms ● underground drainage system

Nile River Valley Geography ● The Nile Cities ● Memphis ● Thebes Government ● Theocracy ● Pharaoh was a ruler- priest and a git Social Class ●Pharaoh ●Priest and nobles ●traders,scribes&farmers ●unskilled workers ●slaves Religion ●Polytheism Writing System ●hieroglyphics

huanghe(yellow river) ● Isolated, little overland trading ● History part fact/fiction ● State organized irrigation ● Elaborate intellectual life o Writing – knotted ropes, scratches of lines, ideographic symbols o Delicate art, musical interest o Limited materials – basic housing

Religions

Confucianism ● li ● filal piety ● appeal to the masses and the educated ● promote harmony

Daoism ● appealed to upper class ● accepted by emperors ● encouraged respect for nature ● influenced art and literature

Legalism ● favored an authoritarian state ruled by force ● never gained widespread approval

Hinduism ● Rig-Veda and Upanishads ● Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva ● Dharma ● reincarnation until moksha

Buddhism ● Four noble truths ● Eightfold path ● enlightenment and nirvana ● support of Ashoka (Mauryan dynasty)