THEME: The North effectively brought to bear its long term advantages of industrial might and human resources to wage a devastating total war against the South. The war helped organize and modernize northern society, while the South, despite heroic efforts, was economically and socially crushed.

 Trent Affair, late 1861  US Navy boards British steamer and captures 2 Confederate diplomats  What is the Union’s problem???  Alabama raids:  What is the Alabama?  Captured 60 US vessels, sinks 64  Britain pays $15.5 million in damages after war  1863: the Laird “rams”= Brinkmanship with UK  Would have broken Union blockade and probably resulted in Union invasion of Canada Diplomacy FailsDiplomacy Fails

Britain did not rush to the South’s aid. Why? 1.Britain and new sources for cotton 2.Britain is relying on Northern grain imports 3.British people did not want to support slave-society (Uncle Tom’s Cabin impact) The South’s Strategy Fails: Britain stays Neutral

 Union extends blockade (Anaconda Plan)  Begins to have success by targeting cotton ports  Risks war with Britain by seizing British merchants, uses “ultimate destination” as legal cover to avoid war  Blockade Runners earn profits of up to 700%  3/9/1862: Monitor v. Merrimack  end of wooden-hulled warfare, beginning of the “Ironclads” The BlockadeThe Blockade

Monitor v. Merrimack (Virginia)

MYTH: Lincoln “freed” the slaves FACTS: look at the actual dates and words of the proclamation. Where did the Proclamation apply? TRUTH: Lincoln saved the Union, so that the Union, eventually, might free the slaves. Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

CAUSES:  Lincoln does NOT believe govt. can abolish slavery  HOWEVER, Union army can seize “contraband”= to hurt South’s war effort  Antietam’s “victory” gives Lincoln the “opportunity” to issue preliminary proclamation on Sept. 23,  Emancipates only those slaves in states still in rebellion, NOT IN THE BORDER STATES!!! Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863

“... on the first day of January... all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.“ President Abraham Lincoln, preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862

EFFECTS:  Settles the “contraband” question.  Many slaves escape North to join Union  Ends the possibility of a negotiated settlement  Unpopular in Sections of North, Copperheads gain support What is a Copperhead? QUESTION: Did the Emancipation Proclamation “ennoble” the cause of the North? Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

 Lincoln suspends rights and freedoms:  HOW??  HINT: Think MD (especially Baltimore) NOTE: Jefferson Davis also suspended liberties in South.DISSENT

CONSCRIPTION (=DRAFT)CONSCRIPTION (=DRAFT) NORTH:  Started in 1863  Ages for 3 years  Substitutes allowed  Commutations for $300  Bounties paid to volunteers  92% of army volunteered SOUTH:  Started in 1862  Ages  Exemptions for slaveholders with 20 slaves or more  Substitutes allowed  80% of eligible men served IMPORTANT: Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight. Not everyone was in favor of war.

TERMS  Emancipation Proclamation  Habeas Corpus  Copperhead  Conscription  Bounty  Objectives: A. To explain why Britain remained neutral  B. To explain Lincoln’s motives for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation and the document’s effects  C. To identify the political dilemmas facing the North and the South.