Industrial Revolution A revolution from animal and hand power to machine powered work and production.

Begins in Great Britain in the 1700’s Had an advantage in factors of production, or the essential elements that a nation need to achieve economic success. Labor, Land, and Capital FOOD RAW MATERIAL GOLD

Labor = Population/Food Great Britain had a large growing population for several reasons.

New inventions, such as Jethro Tull’s seed drill, caused larger, better harvests More food equals larger population.

Enclosure Movement Wealthy farmers were able to buy out smaller farms around them. These larger farms were more efficient at producing crops. Small farmers moved to the cities where they were needed to work in factories.

Great Britain was more stable than Europe. They fought in wars in North America and Europe, but there were no wars in Britain. They avoid the destruction of property and loss of life that comes with wars at home.

Land = Raw Materials COAL IRON COTTON WOOL

Great Britain had easy access to coal and iron deposits.

Rivers and Canals Before the steam engine, moving water (rivers) will be used for factories. By 1800, Great Britain will have 4000 miles of canals. Rivers and canals will make it much easier to transport goods.

Capital = Gold Great Britain’s colonies provided markets for goods. They generated a lot of wealth that was spent on the Industrial Revolution. They had a lot of “human capital”, or great inventors. People like Jethro Tull and Richard Arkwright.

The textile, or cloth-making business, was the first to experience an Industrial Revolution Before 1750, cloth was made by people in their homes. This is called cottage industry.

Supply of wool and cotton greatly increases in Great Britain Enclosure Movement creates large farms that raise many more sheep. Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin. This increases cotton production in India and the American South.

Series of inventions makes fabric production faster and easier Richard Arkwright’s spinning frame will spin thread from wool/cotton much faster than by hand. Edmund Cartwright’s power loom will be able to weave this thread into cloth.

These machines are moved from the home to factories. Factories are built near rivers and canals in order to power these machines

Steam Power People have known about the power of steam since the time of the Greeks.Greeks James Watt will improve the steam engine, making it faster and more efficient.steam engine

Steam Engine James Watt’s steam engine can be used to power factories. This allows factories to move away from rivers and closer to sources of raw materials and cities.

Richard Trevithick will use a steam engine to power the first locomotive. It was called Penydarren.Penydarren This will make it much easier to transport goods across land.

Robert Fulton will develop the first steam ship, called the Clermont.Clermont This will increase transportation over water.

Coal becomes the fuel of choice for steam engines. Coal burns hotter and lasts longer than wood. By 1800, Great Britain was producing 80 percent of the coal in Europe

Industrial Revolution spreads Great Britain tried, unsuccessfully, to keep the industrial revolution from spreading to the rest of the world. They made it illegal to take technology out of the country. They also restricted some craftsmen/inventors from traveling outside of Great Britain.

Industrial Revolution Comes to the US in Samuel Slater leaves England disguised as a farmer. He builds a spinning frame from memory in Rhode Island This kickstarts the revolution in America

The French Revolution delays the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Belgium will have an industrial revolution in France and Germany will follow in the 1850’s

By the 1860’s Japan will industrialize under the Meiji emperor. They are way ahead of others in Asia Russia, China, and India will not experience an Industrial Revolution until the 1900’s

The Industrial Revolution has a big impact on society. People no longer work at home They travel to work at a factory instead

Factories break down task into simple steps Workers only needed a few easily learned skills Men, women, and even children will be hired to work Women and children were preferred because they could be paid less

Average work day was 12 hours Conditions in factories were very dangerous Children as young as five were hired Children could work on machines without shutting down

Governments did nothing to protect worker’s rights Workers join together to form labor unions Organized strikes. Stopped work to force owners to improve conditions.

Biggest changes in the Industrial Revolution comes from the United States Interchangeable PartsAssembly Line

Interchangeable Parts Eli Whitney develops interchangeable parts for use on firearms. Interchangeable parts makes it much easier to build and repair complex machines.

Assembly Line Henry Ford creates the first power driven assembly line for Model T cars. The assembly line divided labor into simple tasks. The division of labor allows complex items to be produced much faster.

Interchangeable Parts/Assembly Line combine to create Mass Production Mass Production will be known as the American System The American System will lower the price of goods by increasing supply

Industrial Revolution changes the way countries do business Move from mercantilism to market economy No government control of business – laissez faire

Entrepreneurs like Carnegie become the richest men in the world Fortunes are built at the expense of workers rights.

Others blame the Industrial Revolution for the suffering and poverty of workers Karl Marx believed workers should run businesses, not owners. Government should control industrial production, not business or consumers. This form of government will be known as communism.

Mass Production allows Great Britain, France, and Germany to build large armies and navies. This allows European nations to take over less advanced countries in Asia and Africa. This will be the beginning of the Age of Imperialism