10 th American History Unit III- U.S. Foreign Policy World War II - today Nixon-Bush #6 The End of the Cold War

Reading Quiz- Bush #6 1. What was the violent revolution in Romania? 1. What was the violent revolution in Romania? 2. What was the Velvet Revolution? 2. What was the Velvet Revolution? 3. What happened at the Berlin Wall? 3. What happened at the Berlin Wall? 4. What was Solidarity? 4. What was Solidarity? 5. Who was Boris Yeltsin? 5. Who was Boris Yeltsin? 6. What happened to Germany in 1990? 6. What happened to Germany in 1990? 7. What was Glasnost and Perestroika? 7. What was Glasnost and Perestroika? 8. What was the Warsaw Pact? 8. What was the Warsaw Pact?

Events in Europe of 1989 which would led up to the end of the Cold War. Since the end of World War II the political structure of the world consisted of two major powers centered in NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries. For nearly 45 years the two major powers representing these groups, the United States and the Soviet Union, were engaged in a cold war. The end of communism in Eastern Europe brought about a new world order under which it was hoped there would be an atmosphere of international cooperation.  April 5, Poland- Solidarity (Trade Union) declared legal and Free Elections- Solidarity sweeps the elections Lech Walesa elected President.  May Hungary- No fence between Hungary and Austria, East Germans slipped across border into Austria and Hungary.  November 9, Berlin Wall gates were opened, East Germans flooded to West and the wall began to come down.  November 24- December 28, "The Velvet Revolution" in Czechoslovakia- Alexander Dubcek elected chairman of the Parliament.  December 17, The Violent Revolution begins in Romania. Pres. Ceausescu orders troops to gun down demonstrators. 100's die.

Events in Europe of 1989 which would led up to the end of the Cold War.  December 21, Pres. Ceausescu calls for mass rally at Capital to support him. Crowd turned on the President, demonstrations got larger and troops joined the revolt.  December 25, While trying to escape, Pres. Ceausescu and his wife were caught tried and executed.  End of October 3, East and West Germany are reunified into one Germany. President Bush declares the Cold War to be over.  The Soviet Union is changing- Gorbachev's Perestroika (restructuring); Warsaw Pact dissolved; Soviet Union can't provide for its own needs- Food, Clothing are scarse; a move to a freer more democratic nation; Communists give up their monopoly in politics; Chaos on a grand scale; ethnic unrest led to the break up of the U.S.S.R.

Poland and Solidarity April 5, Government agrees to make the union “Solidarity” legal and hold “free” elections. April 5, Government agrees to make the union “Solidarity” legal and hold “free” elections. Commnists lose the elections. Commnists lose the elections. Eventually the union leader- Lech Walesa is elected president of Poland. Eventually the union leader- Lech Walesa is elected president of Poland. Soviet Union did not intercede in Poland. Soviet Union did not intercede in Poland. Poland faced severe economic problems. Poland faced severe economic problems.

Poland and Solidarity 1:25 min. 2:12 min.

Warsaw Pact Countries- Eastern Europe Hungary and Bulgaria- successful transition from communism Hungary and Bulgaria- successful transition from communism Romania- “Violent Revolution”- Pres. Ceausescu. Romania- “Violent Revolution”- Pres. Ceausescu. Czechoslovakia- “Velvet Revolution” Czechoslovakia- “Velvet Revolution” Yugoslavia-Collapsed. Ethnic rivalries caused brutal war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and Roman Catholics. Ethnic Cleansing Yugoslavia-Collapsed. Ethnic rivalries caused brutal war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and Roman Catholics. Ethnic Cleansing Baltic State- Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Independent Baltic State- Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Independent

Germany Oct East Germany gets rid of its Communist government and opens the Berlin Wall. Oct East Germany gets rid of its Communist government and opens the Berlin Wall. Berlin Wall torn down. Berlin Wall torn down. Oct East and West Germany are reunited into one Germany. Oct East and West Germany are reunited into one Germany.

Gorbachev and the Soviet Union March Gorbachev is General Secretary of Communist party. March Gorbachev is General Secretary of Communist party. Glasnost- “openness”, allowing criticism and freedom of the press Glasnost- “openness”, allowing criticism and freedom of the press Perestroika- “restructuring” of the Soviet society- less government control, introduced private enterprise and took steps for a democratic government. Perestroika- “restructuring” of the Soviet society- less government control, introduced private enterprise and took steps for a democratic government.

Soviet Union Declines Dec Russian Republics declare independence. Dec Russian Republics declare independence. Ethnic unrest across USSR- different national groups argue over borders. Ethnic unrest across USSR- different national groups argue over borders. Gorbachev resigns- not popular at home and the Soviet Union dissolves. Gorbachev resigns- not popular at home and the Soviet Union dissolves. CIS- Commonwealth of Independent States takes over- loose federation CIS- Commonwealth of Independent States takes over- loose federation Feb Boris Yeltsin-President of Russia signs START II pact with U.S.A. Feb Boris Yeltsin-President of Russia signs START II pact with U.S.A.