CLA/SRS 3333 Religions of the Graeco-Roman World Jitse H.F. Dijkstra.

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CLA/SRS 3333 Religions of the Graeco-Roman World Jitse H.F. Dijkstra

Historical background: Greek history Bronze Age Minoan Civilization BC Mycenean Civilization ( ) Trojan War? ‘Dark Ages’ ca. 1000: Dorian immigration into Greece Spartans and on Peloponnese); Ionians (e.g. Athens), Aeolians ( Spartans and on Peloponnese); Ionians (e.g. Athens), Aeolians Archaic Period 776: first Olympic games Rise of the City State (polis); colonization of Italy (‘Magna Graecia’) Homer, Hesiod Classical Period : Persian Wars: Herodotus : Peloponnesian War: Thucydides sophists; Socrates/Plato; tragedy writers: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides; comedy: Aristophanes struggle between states

Greek History (next) Aristotle 338: Macedonia wins battle of Chaeronea; 336: Phillip dead : his son, Alexander the Great conquers the world Hellenistic 323: division of Alexander’s empire: Ptolemies in Egypt; Period Seleucids in Persia; Antigonids Greece BC 148: Macedonia Roman 146: sack of Corinth; Greece Roman province 64: conquest of Syria; 30: conquest of Egypt 27: start Roman Empire under Augustus (27 BC-AD 14) Knowledge Greek Religion: mostly Classical and Hellenistic Period!

1. City/village (polis, astu, kome): where you live

Akropolis (‘upper city’, Athens)

Acrocorinth: the akropolis of Corinth

Mt. Olympus

2. Mountain: where you don’t live 3 symbolic connotations in myth: 1. outside/wild (you get raw materials from there: Argo; strange creatures: Centaurs live there; hunting ground: myth of Aktaion) 2. ‘before’ (Deukalion and Pyrrha survive flood on Mt Parnassos) 3. Reversals: place to meet gods (Aktaion), where mad women live (maenads) Rule: what is often ‘real’ in myth is symbolic in ritual, e.g. maenads were in reality not mad but taking part in women’s rituals outside of the male-dominated world!

3. Sea: ambiguous