Kingdom Animalia

Cell Number: Multicellular with extensive specialization Cell Type: Eukaryotic Animal Cells (no cell wall) Food: Heterotrophic – Carnivore (meat), Herbivore (plants), Omnivore (meat and plants), or Detritivore (scavenger) Reproduction: Sexual (Eggs or live birth) Special Features: Advanced nervous systems means cephalization (faces), brains, and efficient mobility (walk/run/swim/grab)

Animal Organization Cell Specialization Cells are adapted for one job (digestion, transport, etc.) Cell Differentiation Cells look different from one another (muscle vs. skin cell) Body Organization Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism Heart cell + other heart cells  Heart tissue + other heart tissue  Heart + veins/arteries  Cardiovascular system + other systems  Human

Animal Organization (cont’d) Asymmetry no set structure to the organism (draw one) Radial symmetry Cut in half anywhere (like a pie) and both halves look the same (draw one) Bilateral Cut in half at one place and both halves look the same (draw one)

Animal Organization (cont’d) Anatomy Terms Dorsal - Back Ventral - Belly Anterior - Head Posterior – Tail

Animal Classification Vertebrates Animals with a notochord (backbone) Only one phylum- Chordata Invertebrates Animals with no notochord (backbone) Lots of phyla - Most animals are invertebrates

Animal Reproduction Sexual with sperm (male) and eggs (female). Sperm + Egg = Zygote  Embryo  Fetus The more advanced the animals, the more complicated sexual reproduction

Animal Evolution – first to last Invertebrates Simplest Animals – Porifera (Sponges) Asymmetrical; aquatic; filter feeders; sessile (do not move as adults); hermaphroditic (both male and female) Nerves Evolve – Cnidaria (Jellyfish and Anemones) Radial symmetry; aquatic; some sessile, some motile; specialized tissues for feeding and movement Organ systems evolve – Nematoda, Annelida, Platyhelminthes (Worms) Bilateral symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial (land); motile; digestive and simple nervous systems Cephalization (faces), Skeletons, and nervous systems evolve - Echinodermata (Starfish and Urchins), Mollusca (Clams, Octopus, Squid), and Arthropoda (Insects, Crabs, and Lobsters) Bilateral or radial symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial; motile; digestive, circulatory, and sometimes complex nervous systems; insects are most common animals

Animal Evolution- first to last (cont’d) Vertebrates Backbones and complex brain systems evolve – Chordata (Vertebrates) Separated into five major classes – Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves (birds), and Mammalia Backbone allows for most complex brains; bilateral symmetry; specialized sensory organs (eyes, ears, antennae, etc); highly organized bodies Mammals are considered “dominant”; especially humans

Porifera

Cnidaria

Worms (Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, and Annelida)

Echinodermata

Mollusca

Arthropoda

Chordata - Fish

Chordata - Amphibia

Chordata - Reptilia

Chordata - Aves

Chordata - Mammalia

Special Animal Characteristics Animal Homeostasis Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot) Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat or pant when hot) Cnidarian Body Plan Polyp- attached (draw) Medusa- Free floating (draw) Special Cell Nematocyst – stinging cell Chordata – Fishes Bony or cartilaginous (sharks) Chordata – Mammals Live birth and mammary glands Marsupials – mammals with pouches Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs

Special Animal Characteristics Animal Homeostasis Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot) Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat or pant when hot) Cnidarian Body Plan Polyp- attached (draw) Medusa- Free floating (draw) Special Cell Nematocyst – stinging cell Chordata – Fishes Bony or cartilaginous (sharks) Chordata – Mammals Live birth and mammary glands Marsupials – mammals with pouches Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs

Special Animal Characteristics Animal Homeostasis Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot) Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat or pant when hot) Cnidarian Body Plan Polyp- attached (draw) Medusa- Free floating (draw) Special Cell Nematocyst – stinging cell

Special Animal Characteristics (cont’d) Chordata – Fishes Bony or cartilaginous (sharks) Chordata – Mammals Live birth and mammary glands Marsupials – mammals with pouches Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs