Characteristics of life: all living things are made up of these characteristics. Made up of one or more cells. Has genetic material (DNA, RNA). Can reproduce (applies to the whole species). Has growth and development- they change and grow through their life. Has homeostasis- they can regulate their internal environment. Can get and use energy Can evolve (change over time). Can respond to stimuli- they respond to their environment in some way (e.g. plants grow towards light)

Cellular structures and functions prokaryotes Prokaryote: A single‐celled organism that lacks a membrane‐bound nucleus and specialized organelles. Generally small in size Lacking a nucleus (DNA is free floating) Simple in structure Cellular structures and function eukaryotes Eukaryote: A type of organism composed of one or more cells containing a membrane‐bound nucleus, specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, and a mitotic nuclear division cycle. Generally larger in size Has a nucleus.

All cells have: Cell membrane- a boundary between their internal environment and the external environment. Cytoplasm- the material inside the cell. Genetic Material- either DNA or RNA.

Levels of Organization (from small to big). Organelles: A subunit within a cell that has a specialized function. Cells: The basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms. Cells have three common components: genetic material, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane. Eukaryotic cells also contain specialized organelles. Tissues: An anatomical unit composed of cells organized to perform a similar function. Organs: An anatomical unit composed of tissues serving a common function. Organ systems: An anatomical system composed of a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function or task. Multicellular organisms: A form of life (an animal, plant, fungus, protist or bacterium) that is made up of more than one cell.

Prokayotes vs. Eukaryotes

Animal vs. Plant Cells

Characteristics of Life