The Cell
Cell Theory One of the most controversial statements of its time 1.All living things are composed of cells 2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function 3.All cells come from pre-existing cells
Cell Membrane: The outer boundary of the cell. 3 functions of the membrane: 1.Regulates- controls what comes in & out of the cell 2.Protects- acts as a barrier against foreign material 3.Supports- keeps all of the cell parts together Basic Structures of the Cell
Nucleus Information center of the cell All cellular control exists DNA storage and formation takes place Nucleolus: Structure inside nucleus where ribosomes are made Nucleus Nucleolus
Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic cells: Have a nucleus -animal cells, plant cells
Prokaryotic Cell Prokaryotic cells: Do not have a nucleus -Example: bacteria
Cytoplasm jelly-like area between the cell membrane and the nucleus Gives basic shape to the cell
Cell Wall Cell wall: Structure found only in plant cells which serves as an extra layer of protection around the cell----found outside the membrane
Cell Anatomy Organelles: Tiny structures that perform a specialized function within a cell Examples: Nucleus Mitochondria ER Golgi Ribosomes Chloroplasts
Trap sunlight and convert it into chemical energy Found only in plants Surrounded by membranes
Mitochondria Mitochondria: The power plants of the cell Change chemical energy stored in food into a type (ATP) that can be used by the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transport channel found within the cell Smooth - transport and store enzymes and chemicals Rough - transport and make protein (ribosomes are attached to the surface)
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Ribosome Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis (construction) 2 Types of ribosomes: Free-floating- float around in the cytoplasm Attached- linked to other organelles through chemicals
Golgi Golgi: Flattened compartments stacked on top of each other. They have four functions: 1.Collect proteins and enzymes 2.Modify proteins and enzymes 3.Package proteins and enzymes 4.Distribute proteins and enzymes
Lysosome Lysosomes: Small structures involved in the chemical digestion of cellular waste
Vacuoles- storage areas found within the cell Store water, salts, protein, and carbohydrates for use by the cell at a later time
Comparison of plant & animal cells