Wild Hogs in Florida Photo by M.L. Smith What are they? Feral hogs Eurasian wild boar Feral hog x Eurasian wild boar hybrid Sus scrofa Photo by L. Hlasek.

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Presentation transcript:

Wild Hogs in Florida Photo by M.L. Smith

What are they? Feral hogs Eurasian wild boar Feral hog x Eurasian wild boar hybrid Sus scrofa Photo by L. Hlasek Photo by W. Frankenberger

What are they? Wild hogs (Sus scrofa) –Family: Suidae (true pigs) –Exotic Same as your typical barnyard pig! USDA Photo

What they are not Collared peccary or Javelina (Tayassu tajacu) –Family: Tayassuidae (pig-like mammals) –Native to Southwest U.S. None in Florida USFWS Photo

How did they get to Florida? Explorers –Hernando de Soto (1539) Ponce de Leon (1521)? ? Charlotte Harbor Illustrations by Floridahistory.com

Hogs spread throughout Florida Explorers & Settlers Native Americans Charlotte Harbor Illustration by Floridahistory.com

Hogs spread throughout the Florida Free-ranging hogs Photo by Suwannee River Ranch Photo by Bowguns.com Releases for hunting

What about those Eurasian Boar? New Hampshire (1886) New York (1900) North Carolina/Tennessee (1912) Texas (1919) Washington State (1981) Others? Photo by rw.ttu.edu

Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission Control nuisance animals Improve hunting –This practice was discontinued Photos by Texasboars.com

So what kind of wild hogs are in Florida? Feral hogs Hybrids Photo by J. Allen

How many hogs are there? 500,000+ in Florida 1-2,000,000 in the Southeast Several million in 35 states and provinces Photo by Buckandboar.com

Where do hogs live in Florida? Statewide Highest numbers

What do they look like? Hoofed Stocky with short legs Long snout ending in a disk Tusks Photo by W. Frankenberger

What do they look like? Color varies Difficult to tell feral hogs from Eurasian boar Photo by J. Allen

What do they look like? Size and weight depend –Sex, age, genetics & environmental conditions –Males (boars) are bigger than females (sows) Photo by T. Croker Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

What do they look like? Tusks Photo by J. Dunlap and M. Ludlow Photo by L. Rue Hog shield

Hog senses Good sense of smell and hearing Poor vision Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

What sounds do they make? Alarm grunts “pig sounds” Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

How else do they communicate? Scent-posts Tusking USDA Photo Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

How do you know they are there? Tracks

How do you know they are there? Wallows Photo by Texasboars.com

How do you know they are there? Rooting Photo by W. Frankenberger

How do you know they are there? Rubbing USDA Photo Photo by Texasboars.com

How do you know they are there? Scat Photos by Texasboars.com

Where do hogs live in Florida? Prefer –Large forested tracts –Dense understory vegetation –Lots of food –Water –Few people Photo by W. Boyer

Wild hog habitats Photo by USGS Photo by flsaf.org Photo by USGS

Where do hogs live in Florida? Fewer animals with: –Intense agriculture –Urbanization –Little water Photo by Florida Photographic Collection Photo by csres.uteexs.edu

Habitat needs: Water Keep cool Control parasites Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

Habitat needs: Cover Shade Predators Hunters Photo by W. Boyer

Habitat needs: Food Hard & soft mast Other plants and animals Carrion Photo by P. Wray Photo by NOAA Photo by P. Wray

Breeding Start breeding at 1 yr of age –Courtship –Fights –Copulation Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

Breeding Breeding peaks in spring & fall –Farrow 2 litters of 1-13 piglets each Photo by R.P. Lawrence Photo by Suwannee River Ranch –Nest in shaded upland site –Nurse for 3 weeks

Breeding Nutrition important Photo by T.C. Crocker Boars solitary Females in sounders Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

Surviving as a wild hog Full grown in 3-5 years Average life span: 4-5 years Photo by USFWS Photo by Texasboars.com Predators Accidents Disease Starvation Hunting

How much space do wild hogs need? acres –Depends on food Photo by D. Hosking

When are wild hogs most active? Depends on –Breeding condition –Temperature –Hunting Photo by Inheatscents.net Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

Problems associated with wild hogs Competition with native wildlife Photo by K.M. Gale Predation Photo by J. Valbuena Photo by NOAA

Problems associated with wild hogs Feeding on crops, seeds & seedlings Rubbing & tusking Photo by W.D. Boyer USDA Photo Photo by Texasboars.com

Problems associated with wild hogs Rooting Wallowing Photo by W. Frankenberger USDA Photo

Problems associated with wild hogs Disease Photo by R. Stewart

Problems associated with wild hogs Dangerous Photo by W. Frankenberger Photo by J. Dunlap & M. Ludlow

Who owns wild hogs? Landowners –Private land –Public land USDA Photo

Management of wild hog populations Move them around Removal & control Photo by J. Allen

Can they be controlled? Control: maybe Eradication: unlikely Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

Control measures: Hunting Photo by Texasboars.com

Control measures: Trapping Photo by S. Barlow Photo by M.S. Smith

Control measures: Trapping Photo by S. Barlow

Control measures: Shooting Photo by Inheatscents.net

Control measures: Exclusion Photo by S. Roberts

Wild hogs! The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly Photo by Suwannee River Ranch

This program was developed by: William M. Giuliano Wildlife Extension Specialist Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation IFAS, University of Florida For additional information on Wild Hogs in Florida see: Ecology of Wild Hogs in Florida by W.M. Giuliano & G.W. Tanner at: Control and Management of Wild Hogs in Florida by W.M. Giuliano & G.W. Tanner at: