Grammar for Graduate Students Lecture 5 Gerunds & Infinitives.

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Presentation transcript:

Grammar for Graduate Students Lecture 5 Gerunds & Infinitives

The Gerund: 5 Uses Subject of a verb  Smoking is bad for you. Object of a verb  Do you like cooking? Complement of ‘to be’  His favourite activity is watching television.

5 Uses After prepositions.  She is very good at listening to people. After determiners (a, the, this, some, a lot of)  The bombing of civilians horrified everyone. After possessive adjectives, object pronouns or nouns  I hope you don’t mind his/him/John coming here.

5 Uses After adjectives  Regular swimming is very good for you.  It was awful working there. In certain expressions  It’s no use trying to help her.  Is this for peeling vegetables?  How about going out for dinner?  There are some jobs I hate, like washing and ironing the laundry.  We usually go fishing at the weekend.  No smoking.

5 Note Gerunds can take objects & can be qualified by adverbs  I enjoy reading new books.  You should stop working so hard. The negative gerund form is not + gerund  It’s nice not being at work.

The Infinitive: 5 Uses After certain verbs  They agreed to come. After certain verbs + person (object)  I asked her to come here. After ‘to be’  My first thought was to pone you.

5 Uses To express purpose  I came here to tell you the good news. After ‘be’ + adjective ( + of + noun/pronoun)  It was nice to see you.  It’s kind of you to help me.  She’s very keen to do the course. After the first/second/last/only/best ( and other superlative adjectives) + noun/pronoun one  He was the only one to die.

The Infinitive: 5 Uses After noun/pronoun to which infinitive relates  There’s a lot of work to do.  I’ve got a few people to see. After verbs of knowing & believing  I know him to be an honest man. (V+O+inf.)  He is known to be an honest man. (passive)  We consider it to be our duty. (V+O+inf.)  It is considered to be our duty. (passive) After ‘to be’  My first thought was to pone you.

5 Uses After verb + question word  I didn’t know what to do. After too + adjective and after adjective + enough  He is to ill to come.  The garden isn’t big enough to play games in. After is/are to describe future events  He is to become Mayor next month.

5 Note Infinitives can take objects & can be qualified by adverbs  He expects to win the race easily. The negative gerund form is not + gerund  He agreed not to tell anyone.

Verb + Infinitive / Verb + Gerund 5 Infinitive after verb for future events after the main verb (often with expect/hope/promise/want)  I hope to see you next week. Gerund after verb describes an activity. It does not imply a time sequence.  We enjoyed playing tennis lat weekend.