Industrialization Spreads Chapter 9 Section 3

Industrialization spreads to the U.S. U.S. had same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize:U.S. had same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize: WaterCoal Iron OreImmigrant Workers

Textile Industry

first to industrializefirst to industrialize 1790 first factory in the U.S. is opened in Rhode Island (made thread)1790 first factory in the U.S. is opened in Rhode Island (made thread)

Lowell Factory 1813 Francis Lowell mechanized every step of cloth manufacturingFrancis Lowell mechanized every step of cloth manufacturing ● Opened factory in ● Opened factory in Massachusetts Massachusetts

Lowell Factory 1813 used young immigrant girls as laborused young immigrant girls as labor worked 12 hours a day 6 days a week worked 12 hours a day 6 days a week

Later Industrialization in the U.S. Industrial Revolution takes off after the Civil War 1865Industrial Revolution takes off after the Civil War 1865 Inventions sped up the process Railroads: companies could ship and sell their goods in other parts of the country

Industrialization Reaches the Rest of Europe Industrial Revolution was slow to hit rest of Europe Napoleon’s wars halted trade, interrupted communications between countries, caused inflation (currency becomes less valuable)

Beginnings in Belgium

first European nation to adopt Britain’s new technologyfirst European nation to adopt Britain’s new technology 1799 William Cockerill (British carpenter) smuggled plans to build spinning jenny into Belgium (turns cotton/wool into thread)1799 William Cockerill (British carpenter) smuggled plans to build spinning jenny into Belgium (turns cotton/wool into thread)

John Cockerill William’s ● builtWilliam’s ● built son an industrial son an industrial enterprise in Belgium enterprise in Belgium made machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives British workers poured British workers poured into to Belgium into to Belgium

Germany Industrializes

Germany was politically divided until late 1800’sGermany was politically divided until late 1800’s Industrialization was slowed: political disunitypolitical disunity economic isolationeconomic isolation ● scattered resources ● scattered resources

Pockets of industrialization (1830’s on) some German citizens sent their kids to Great Britain to learn engineering Germany began to copy the British model Germany built railroads to link its growing cities Germany’s economic strength allowed it to become a military and colonial superpower in the late 1800’s-early 1900’s

Expansion Throughout Europe Bohemia developed spinning industry’Bohemia developed spinning industry’ Spain processed cotton Northern Italy mechanized textile production (making clothes)

France

France industrial growth occurred after 1850industrial growth occurred after 1850 French government built railroads railroads created a national market for goods in France

Other European nations industrialization did not occur at this time (mid 1800’s)industrialization did not occur at this time (mid 1800’s) mountainous terrain disallowed railroads to be built (Austria-Hungary)mountainous terrain disallowed railroads to be built (Austria-Hungary) lack of waterways forlack of waterways for transportation (Spain)

Worldwide Impact of Industrialization

Industrial Revolution shifted balance of power away from Africa, Asia, Latin America and towards EuropeIndustrial Revolution shifted balance of power away from Africa, Asia, Latin America and towards Europe

Rise of global inequality Industrialization widened the gap between Europe and Africa/Asia/Latin AmericaIndustrialization widened the gap between Europe and Africa/Asia/Latin America

Natural Resources Europe colonized and stole natural resources/raw materials from its colonies in Africa/Asia/Latin AmericaEurope colonized and stole natural resources/raw materials from its colonies in Africa/Asia/Latin America

Finished Products Europe forced their colonies to buy the finished products made with their raw materials!Europe forced their colonies to buy the finished products made with their raw materials!

Britain led the way in colonization America, Russia, Germany, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Japan soon followed in taking coloniesAmerica, Russia, Germany, France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Japan soon followed in taking colonies

Industrialism Leads to Imperialism Imperialism= one country ruling over many other smaller countriesImperialism= one country ruling over many other smaller countries

Imperialism in Asia by 1914

Imperialism in Africa by 1914

Imperialism in Africa 1914 By 1914 (start of World War I) Ethiopia is the only independent nation left in Africa!By 1914 (start of World War I) Ethiopia is the only independent nation left in Africa!

African/Asian economies were still based in agriculture and small workshopsAfrican/Asian economies were still based in agriculture and small workshops This was why Africa/Asia industrialized slower than Europe