Roger L. Leisenring, Jr. Sunoco, Inc. Fuel Quality Specialist Chairman ASTM Diesel Fuel Section (D975) Co-Chairman NCWM Premium Diesel fuel Past Chairman SAE Diesel Fuel Past member of California Diesel Fuel Advisory Task Force

October 1, 1993 Introduction of Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel uGovernor Pete Wilson California created Diesel Fuel Advisory Committee uInvestigated Lubricity uInvestigated reported seal leakage

Seal Leakage Occurred Because uReduced elasticity due to age, old uTypically high mileage, or hours uExposure to high temperature uThermal cycle uReduced swelling (or shrinkage)

Fuel related problems affected a relatively small percentage of the overall vehicle population; however, the problems are serious for the owners of the vehicles involved Diesel Fuel Task Force 2/9/04 Seal Leakage Population

Fuel system leakage were from seals made of nitrile, or Buna N, rubber. Seals made of fluorocarbon, Viton, did not experience seal failures. Seal Material Conclusion

Lubricity was not the cause of pump leakage. However, a minimum 3000 g SLBOCLE was specified to assure adequate lubricity while the ASTM, ISO, SAE and CEC defined a test and a limit. Lubricity Conclusion 2005 update: Effective 1/1/05 ASTM D975 includes a lubricity specification

Oxidation of fuels form peroxides, which can lead to deterioration of seals. An SAE report mentioned this, however, peroxides were low and fuels were not stored very long. Peroxides Update: ASTM task force is investigating this issue

Why some Aged nitrile seals might be more susceptible because old seals are less pliable and elastic. When new they change shape and fill the cavity maintaining a seal. If the seal is hardened, loss of plasticizers and have “compression set” changes in aromatics of the fuel might have an effect on sealing. Most, if not all manufactures, responded by eliminating nitrile rubber seals and replacing with fluorocarbon seals. Keep in mind. Not all old seals leaked, Southern California had LSD in 1985 with no reported problems. Sweden which had extremely low aromatic fuels did not experience any problems. Therefore, fuel alone was not the cause of leakage.

Replacement of the seals solved the leakage problem in most cases. After 1994 OEMs should have advised existing fleets and implemented design changes for future models. There were repeat failures, but this was tied to improper installation of the seals, and were vehicle repeat compared to component repeat failures. The Fix for Seal Leakage

CA Experiment # 4 Objective: Determine if switching between fuels with different seal swell characteristics could result in leakage. New and used fuel pumps were operated on high and low swell fuels, as determined by new o-ring swell test.

CA Experiment # 4 Outcome: 1.Reconditioned pumps operated on both high and then low swell fuels did not leak on either fuels. 2.2 out of 12 (16%) in-service pumps leaked when switched from high swell to low swell fuel. 1 was minor which did not lead to formation of fuel droplets.

US Army Kerosene Report uGM 6.2 & 6.5L engines uNo excess wear uHot wear operational problems occurred with some vehicles uIn all cases, operational problems were traced back to not implementing factory recommended parts change-over as per service bulletins.

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