Chapter 8 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Sections 1 and 2 Notes

Matter and Temperature States of Matter: – Solids – Liquids – Gas – Plasma

Solids Has a definite shape and volume Kinetic Theory of Matter – tiny particles are in constant motion, and tiny particles make up all matter.

Crystalline Solids Crystalline solids – solids in which particles are arranged in repeating geometric patterns. Examples: snowflakes, table salt

Noncrystalline Solids Appear to be solids but are not made of crystals. Often called amorphous solids. Amorphous means “having no form”

Liquids Flows and take the shape of its container Can’t normally be squeezed into a smaller volume Particles have enough energy to move around each other

Gases “springy” meaning they expand or contract to fill the space available to them and can be squeezed into a smaller space. Has neither a definite shape or definite volume.

Plasma A gas-like mixture of positively and negatively charged particles. Examples: the sun, the tube in a fluorescent light

Thermal Expansion Almost all matter expands as it is heated and contracts as it cools = thermal expansion.

Science and Society Polluted water – water that contains such high levels of unwanted materials that it is unacceptable for drinking or other specific purposes. Thermal pollution – excess heat in the water due to industrial release into rivers/streams.