Matter

What is Matter Matter – The material that everything is made up of. It has mass and takes up space. Mass – The amount of matter in an object Weight – the measure of the force of gravity on an object. Atoms – the smallest amount of an element that still retains the properties of that element Volume – the amount of space an object takes up Thermal Expansion – matter expands when it gets hotter, contracts when it cools

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) All matter is made of constantly moving particles. There are spaces between the particles. Energy makes particles move. The more energy the particles have, the more they move. (heat = energy Therefore the warmer the particles, the more the particles move.)

States of Matter There are Four States of Matter: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Solids  Solids are tightly packed, vibrating particles.  Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume (no ordinary amount of force can squeeze it into a smaller space)

Solids Crystalline solids – particles are arranged in repeating geometric patterns Amorphous solids (non-crystalline) – appear to be solids, but are not made of crystals. Examples: glass, plastics, wax

Liquids  Particles are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  This means liquids do not have a definite shape (they take the shape of their container).  Liquids have a definite volume

Gas Gases have very large spaces between the particles. Particles move freely. Gases do not have a definite volume or shape but do have a fixed mass. Particles can expand or contract to fill the space available to them.

Plasma  Gas-like mixture of negatively and positively charged particles.  Very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Change of State and Kinetic Molecular Theory The warmer the object the more kinetic energy its particles have. When heat is added to a substance, its particles gain Kinetic energy and vibrate faster, causing the them to move farther apart. If enough heat is added a substance can change from a solid to a liquid to a gas.

Changes in State State of MatterHas definite shape Has definite volume solidyes liquidnoyes gasno plasmano